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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the chief reason people choose the foods they eat?
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Taste
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By chemical analysis, what nutrient is present in the highes amounts in most foods?
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Water
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Approximately how much water (lbs) would be found in a 120-lb person?
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72
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Which of the following is not one of the six classes of nutrients?
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Fiber
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A nutrient needed by the body and that must be supplied by foods is termed a)n)
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essential nutrient
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All of the following are classified as macro nutrients except
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Calcium
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Which of the following is an example of a macro nutrient?
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Protein
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Which of the following is classified as a micronutrient?
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Iron
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Which of the following is an organic compound?
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Vitamin C
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Which of the following most accurately describes the term organic?
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Substances with carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds
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Which of the following is an organic nutrient?
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Fat
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Which of the following is an example of a micronutrient?
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Vitamin C
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Gram for gram, which of the following provides the most energy?
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Fats
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Food energy is commonly expressed in Kcalories and in
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Kilojoules.
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International unites of energy are expressed in
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Kilocalories
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A weight reduction regiment calls for a daily intake of 1400 kcalories, which includes 30 g of fat. Approximately what percentage of the total energy is contributed by fat?
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19
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A diet provides a total of 220 kcalories, of which 40% of the energy is from fat and 20% from protein. How many grams of carbohydrate are contained in the diet?
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220
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What is the Kcalorie value of a metal suplying 110 g of carbohydrates, 25 g of protein, 20 g of protein, 20 g of fat, and 5 g of alcohol?
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755
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Which of the followingis a result of the metabolism of energy nutrients?
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Energy is released
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The study of how a person's genes interact with nutrients is termed
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Nutritional genomics
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What is the meaning of a double blind experiment
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Neither subjects nor researcers know which subjects are in the control of experimental group
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In the scientific method, a tentative solution to a problem is called the
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Correlation
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What is the benefit of using controls in an experiment?
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The subjects are similar in all respects except fo rthe treatment being tested
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A clinical trial must involve
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Human beings as sbjects
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What is the benefit of using placebos in an experiment?
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One group of subjects receives a treatment and the other gorup receives nothing
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The amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of about 98% of a population is termed the
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Recommended Dietary Allowance
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What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution ranges (AmDR) for carbohydrate?
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15%-25%
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As a registered dietitian Jones Hospital, you are instructed to write a policy statement on nutrition assessment procedures for all new patients. Which of hte following are the most useful parameters for the nutrition assessment of individuals?
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Historical information, anthropometric data, physical examinations, laboratory tests
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What are the principles of diet planning?
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Adequacy, balance, Kcalorie control, nutrient density, moderation, and variety
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Which of the following practices is not consistent with achieving a healthy diet?
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Emphasis on trans-fat
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What two major nutrients are supplied by the fruit and vegetable grous?
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Protein and calcium
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Whole-grain fous contains all parts of the grain with the exception of the
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husk
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Refined grain products contain on the
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endosperm
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Which of the following breads has the highest fiber content?
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hole-grain
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Which of the following is amond the reccomendations of the dietary guidelines for americans?
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Engage in regular physical activities
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Which of the following is an expression of the nutrient density of a food?
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110 kcalories per serving
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In which of the following food groups are legumes found?
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Meats
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What nutrient makes up most of the endosperm section of grains such as wheat and rice?
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Starch
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A meat describes as "prime cut" means that it
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is higher in fat than other cuts of meat
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A food scientist is developing a new and imporved cereal bar. She consults with you to ask in what order the ingredients should be listed on the food label. The ingredients are: Sugar:30 g, puffed wheat: 28 g, Dry milk powder: 5 g, Red food coloring: 35 mg, Salt: 2 g, What is the appropritte order in which to list htese ingredients on the food label?
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Sugar, puffed wheat, dry milk powder, sald, red food coloring
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The process by which food is broken down into absorbable componets is called
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Digestion
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In what organ does the digestion process begin?
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Mouth
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Where is the epiglottis located?
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Throat
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What part of the GI tract prevents a person from choking while swallowing?
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Epiglottis
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What is a bolus?
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Portion of food swallowed at one time
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Which of the following is a feature of peristalsis?
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It consists of wavelike muscular contractions resulting from alternate tightening and relaxing of cirular muscles and longitudinal muscles
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Which of the following is a funciton of sphincter muscles?
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Control the passage of food through the Gi tract
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What is the funciton of mucus in the stomach?
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Protects stomach cells from gastric juices
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Which of the following best describes the normal pH of the stomach?
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Very acidic
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What substance protects the stomach lining from damage due to digestive juices?
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Mucus
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The usual pH of gastric juice is approximately
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2
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What is one function of the gallbladder?
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Stores bile
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Which of the following classes of nutrients requires the least amount of digestion?
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Vitamins
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Which of the following nutrients requires the least amount of digestion?
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Calcium
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Which of the folowing is a significant property of dietary fiber?
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Promotes water retention of stools
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Which of the following is generally not digested but does stimulate intestinal muscle contractions?
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Fiber
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What is the funciton of bile?
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Emulsifies fats
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Which of the following is an important function of the intestinal villi crypts?
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Secretion of juices into small intestice
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Absorption of nutrients by intestinal cells occurs by all of the following mechanism except
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Transmigration
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When nutrients are trasported from intestinal epithelial cells to the vascular system, what organ is first to receive them
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Liver
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What vessel carries blood from the liver to the heart?
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Hepatic portal vein
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Exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and wase material takes place across the walls of small vessels called
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Capillaries
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Whch of the following is a feature of the lymphatic system?
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It carries fats away from the intestines
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What is the first major organ to receive nutrients that are absorbed into the lymph?
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Hearth
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The living bacteria found in yogurt are known as
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Probiotics
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Microorganisms in food that are viable when consumed and that are beneficial to health are known as
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Probiotic
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Which of the following regulates the pH of the stomach?
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Gastrin
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What type of nutrient is starch?
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Complex carbohydrate
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Which of the following is known as blod sugar or dextrose?
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Glucose
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What is the reaction that links two monosacchariedes together?
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Condensation
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What is the principle carbohydrate of milk?
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Lactose
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What is another name for lactose?
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Milk sugar
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What is the name of the animal polysaccharide composed of glucose unites?
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Glycogen
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Glycogen is stored mainly in which of the following tissues?
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Muscle and liver
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What is the primary storage form of carbohydrate in the body?
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Glycogen
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A "functional fiber" is one that
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Is extracted from plants and has a beneficial health effect
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Which of the following plays a major role in the breakdown of certain types of dietary fiber in the large intestine?
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Bacteria
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Which of the following is a characteristic of dietary fibers?
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They are classified according to solubility in water
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Which of the following is a common source of resistant starch?
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Unripe bananas
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Which of the folowing is a feature of resistant starch?
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It cannot be fermented by large intestinal bacteria
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Enzymatic digestion of starches takes place in the small intestice and also in the
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Mouth
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What is the primary absorption site for digestible carbohydrates?
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Small intestine
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What is the first organ to receive carbohydrates absorbed from the intestine?
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Liver
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Which of the following is a characteristic of yogurt?
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Bacteria in yogurt product lactose
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In what organ is most of the body's glycogen found?
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Muscles
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What is the primary funciton of insulin?
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Lowers blood glucose lvels
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You have just finished a light breakfast of toast and jelly. Which of the following series of events proceeds upon digestion/absorption of the meal until it is near time for lunch?
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Blood glucose rises, the pancreas releases insulin, glucose is taken up by the colls through the action of insulin, blood glucose levels decline, the pancreas releases glucagon, glucagon stimulates liver cells to break down glycogen and release glucose into the blood, blood glucose rises
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What is the first organ to respond to an increase in blood glucose concentration?
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Pancreas
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When blood glucose concentration falls, what pancreatic hormone is secreted to stimulate release of stored glucose?
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Glucagon
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When you are under physical stress, what hormone is release quickly to stimulate an increase in blood glucose concentration?
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Epinephrine
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In the time between meals, what organ releases glucose to maintain normal blood glucose levels?
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Liver
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