Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
130 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
WHEN A WARRANT OF ARREST IS ISSUED BY ANY MAYOR OR RECORDER OF AN INCORPORATED TOWN OR CITY, IT MUST BE EXECUTED WHERE? |
In the county in which it was issued |
|
A CAPIAS MAY BE EXECUTED BY ANY ____ ____. |
Peace Officer |
|
A ____ IS A WRIT ISSUED BY THE COURT OR CLERK, COMMANDING ANY PEACE OFFICER TO ARREST A PERSON ACCUSED OF AN OFFENSE AND BRING HIM BEFORE THAT COURT IMMEDIATELY, OR ON A DAY AND TIME STATED IN THE WRIT. |
Capias |
|
“TO ENSURE THE UNIFORM ENFORCEMENT OF THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF TEXAS” IS AN OBJECTIVE OF THE CCP…T OR F |
False |
|
UNLESS SPECIFICALLY STATED FOR THE OFFENSE, WHAT IS THE STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS FOR A FELONY? A MISDEMEANOR? |
3 Years, 2 Years |
|
THE DEGREE OF INFLUENCE THE OFFICER MUST EXERT OVER THE VIOLATOR TO TAKE HIM OR HER SAFELY INTO CUSTODY IS REFERRED TO AS____. |
Control |
|
INFORMAL ORGANIZATIONAL NORMS, WHICH REFLECT LAW ENFORCEMENT’S INFORMAL CULTURE, MAY OR MAY NOT BE AS ____ AS LEGAL OR AGENCY RESTRICTIONS. |
Strict |
|
INDIVIDUAL CHOICE OR CONSCIENCE REFLECTS THE ____ ____ OF THE OFFICER. |
Inner Controls |
|
WHEN CONFRONTING A SUSPECT YOU SHOULD ALWAYS WATCH THE ____. |
Hands |
|
IN DEATH NOTIFICATION, IT IS BEST TO LET THE FAMILY COME TO THE TRUTH SLOWLY…T OR F |
False |
|
THE TWO TYPES OF STRESS ARE: |
Eustress, Distress |
|
IN COMMUNICATION, WHAT IS THE BEST WAY TO ENSURE THE SENDER RECEIVES FEEDBACK? |
Interactive Communication |
|
REFERRING TO COMMUNICATIONS, THE TERM ENVIRONMENT MEANS: |
A Person's History |
|
LINEAR COMMUNICATION IS COMPOSED OF FIVE COMPONENTS; THEY ARE: |
Sender, Encoding, the Message, Decoding, the Receiver |
|
A/AN ____ ____ VICTIM MAY CHOOSE A PSEUDONYM TO BE USED INSTEAD OF THE VICTIM’S REAL NAME. |
Sexual Assault |
|
WHAT IS THE STRONGEST NATURAL STIMULANT KNOWN TO MAN? |
Cocaine |
|
SEDATIVES, SLEEPING PILLS AND TRANQUILIZERS ARE ALL ____. |
Barbituates |
|
A BITTER BROWNISH ADDICTIVE NARCOTIC DRUG THAT IS DERIVED FROM THE DRIED JUICE OF THE OPIUM POPPY IS ____. |
Heroin |
|
WHAT IS REQUIRED IF A WRITTEN STATEMENT OR CONFESSION GIVEN BY A CHILD IS TO BE ADMISSIBLE IN COURT? |
A Magistrate's warning has been given |
|
WHERE DO APPEALS FROM JUSTICE COURTS PROCEED TO? |
County Court |
|
____ COURTS HAVE JURISDICTION OVER DIVORCE SUITS AND JUVENILE ISSUES. |
District Court |
|
AN OFFICER IS REQUIRED UNDER A WRIT OF POSSESSION TO REMOVE THE ____ AND HIS ____ FROM THE PREMISES. |
Tenant, Possessions |
|
HOURS OF ILLEGAL CONSUMPTION OF AN ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE ON SUNDAY IN A STANDARD HOURS AREA: |
1:15am to 12:00 pm (noon) |
|
MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM FINES FOR DISREGARDING A BARRICADE: |
$1.00 to $200.00 |
|
A DEALERS TEMPORARY CARDBOARD(Paper) TAG MAY BE USED FOR…ONLY. |
Demonstations and Road Testing |
|
WHENEVER THE DRIVER OF A VEHICLE APPROACHES AN ONCOMING VEHICLE, HE IS REQUIRED TO DIM HIS LIGHTS BEFORE ____ FEET. |
500ft |
|
WHENEVER THE DRIVER OF A VEHICLE IS PASSING ANOTHER VEHICLE TRAVELING IN THE SAME DIRECTION AND THERE IS AN ONCOMING CAR, THE PASSING VEHICLE MUST RETURN TO ITS LANE BEFORE ____ FEET. |
200ft |
|
WHAT COURT HAS JURISDICTION IN CASES INVOLVING LIENS ON PERSONAL PROPERTY? |
Justice of the Peace |
|
CREATING A FALSE IMPRESSION OF LAW OR FACT, FAILING TO CORRECT A FALSE IMPRESSION, PREVENTING ANOTHER FROM ACQUIRING INFORMATION OR FAILING TO DISCLOSE AN ENCOUM-BRANCE IS A REASONABLE DEFINITION OF ____ |
Deception |
|
ARTIE IS CALLED AS A WITNESS IN BENNIE’S ROBBERY TRIAL. HE TESTIFIES THAT BENNIE WAS WITH HIM AT THE TIME OF THE ROBBERY WHEN IN REALITY HE WAS NOT. WHAT CRIME? |
Aggravated Perjury |
|
RECEIVING OR RECORDING FIVE OR MORE BETS IN A 24 HOUR PERIOD, BETS TOTALING $1,000 IN A 24 HOUR PERIOD, OR A SCHEME BY THREE OR MORE PERSONS TO RECEIVE, RECORD OR FORWARD BETS IS ____. |
Bookmaking |
|
EVERY MOTOR VEHICLE MUST HAVE A HORN ABLE TO BE HEARD FOR A DISTANCE OF AT LEAST ____ FEET. |
200ft |
|
WHEN CAN LANDLORDS CONSENT TO THE SEARCH OF A TENANT’S PROPERTY? |
Never |
|
ARTIE GOES TO BENNIE AND TRIES TO INDUCE HIM TO KILL ARTIE’S WIFE FOR $30,000. THIS IS ... |
Criminal Solicitation |
|
WHAT TWO THINGS MAKE ASSAULTS AGGRAVATED? |
Serious Bodily Injury, Deadly Weapon |
|
A PEACE OFFICER IS GIVEN A SUMMONS TO SERVE. HE FORGETS TO SERVE IT. HE MAY BE CHARGED WITH …OR… |
Contempt of Court, Neglect to Execute Process |
|
WHAT IS THE HIGHEST CRIMINAL APPELLATE COURT IN TEXAS? |
Texas Court of Criminal Appeals |
|
THE APPREHENDING OR RESTRAINING OF AN INDIVIDUAL IN ORDER TO BRING THE PERSON BEFORE THE PROPER LEGAL OFFICER TO ANSWER FOR AN ALLEGED CRIME IS THE DEFINITION OF ____. |
Arrest |
|
EXTENT OF A LAWFUL SEARCH OF A PERSON WITHOUT A WARRANT IS LIMITED TO… |
The person and his arm's length |
|
THE STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS FOR SEXUAL ASSAULT OF A CHILD IS ____ YEARS. |
10 Years |
|
THE AFFIDAVIT MADE BEFORE A MAGISTRATE OR DISTRICT ATTORNEY THAT CHARGES THE COMMISSION OF AN OFFENSE IS CALLED A ____. |
Complaint |
|
A WARRANT OF ARREST, ISSUED BY ANY COUNTY OR DISTRICT CLERK, OR BY ANY MAGISTRATE, EXCEPT MAYORS OR RECORDERS SHALL EXTEND TO… |
Any part of the state |
|
A TRIAL FOR A MISDEMEANOR IS MOST LIKELY TO TAKE PLACE IN WHICH THREE LOWER COURTS? |
Justice of the Peace, Municipal, or County Court |
|
A PEACE OFFICER HAS THE RIGHT TO SUMMON ASSISTANCE FROM CITIZENS. IF THE CITIZEN REFUSES TO AID THE OFFICER, WHAT ACTION CAN THE OFFICER TAKE? |
Report the person to the district or county attorney |
|
A COUNTY JAIL WOULD BE A FUNCTION OF WHICH COMPONENT OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM? |
Correctional System |
|
DISTRICT COURTS AND CRIMINAL DISTRICT COURTS HAVE JURISDICTION IN WHAT TYPE OF CASES? |
Felonies |
|
DOES THE MAGISTRATE ADVISE THE ACCUSED OF THE RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY? |
No |
|
A COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS JUSTICE IS CONSIDERED A ____. |
Magistrate |
|
THE COUNTY COURTS SHALL HAVE APPELLATE JURISDICTION IN CRIMINAL CASES FROM WHICH TYPE OF COURT(S)? |
Justice Courts and other Inferior Courts (Municipal) |
|
THE FOURTH AMENDMENT TO THE U.S. CONSTITUTION PROTECTS CITIZENS FROM… |
Unreasonable Search and Seizures |
|
WHICH U.S. CONSTITUTION AMENDMENT PROVIDES FOR PROTECTION AGAINST DOUBLE JEOPARDY? |
5th Amendment |
|
THE BILL OF RIGHTS WAS DESIGNED TO LIMIT THE … |
Power of the Federal Government |
|
A MUNICIPAL COURT IS A FUNCTION OF THE ____ COMPONENT OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM. |
Court |
|
WHAT THREE COMPONENTS MAKE UP THE CRIME TRIANGLE? |
Offender, Victim , Location |
|
AFTER PASSING THE STATE EXAM, HOW LONG DO YOU HAVE TO BE HIRED BY A LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY? |
Two Years |
|
HOW MANY MONTHS IN A TRAINING UNIT? TRAINING CYCLE? |
24, 48 |
|
WHAT IS THE MINIMUM NUMBER OF ROUNDS FIRED IN THE ANNUAL RIFLE QUALIFICATION? |
20 |
|
A PEACE OFFICER MUST QUALIFY ANNUALLY WITH HIS HANDGUN IF HE WORKS IN A DEPARTMENT WITH AT LEAST ____ OFFICERS. |
1 |
|
OUR NATION’S FIRST CONSTITUTION WAS KNOWN AS THE … |
Articles of Confederation |
|
WHICH ARTICLE READS, “ALL LEGISLATIVE POWERS GRANTED HEREIN SHALL BE VESTED IN A CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA?” |
Article 1 |
|
THE PRIVILEGE OF THE WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS IS TO ENSURE THAT ALL AMERICANS ARE AFFORDED THEIR RIGHT TO ____ ____. |
Due Process |
|
IN THE LANDMARK CASE OF MIRANDA V ARIZONA, WHICH THREE AMENDMENTS ARE BEING EXERCISED? |
5th, 6th, 14th |
|
IN WHAT ARTICLE AND SECTION IS THE CRIME VICTIM’S BILL OF RIGHTS FOUND? |
Article 1, Section 30 |
|
WHICH ARTICLE READS, “THE JUDICIAL POWER OF THE UNITED STATES SHALL BE VESTED IN ONE SUPREME COURT?” |
Article 3 |
|
WHICH AMENDMENT OF THE U.S. CONSTITUTION DETERMINES JURISDICTION AND STATES WHERE A TRIAL WILL BE HELD? |
6th |
|
WHAT DOES ARTICLE 2 OF THE CONSTITUTION SPECIFICALLY PROVIDE FOR? |
Election of the President and Vice President |
|
THE PRIVILEGE OF THE WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS SHALL NOT BE SUSPENDED UNLESS IN CASE OF ____ OR ___. |
Rebellion or Invasion |
|
THE UNITED STATE CONSTITUTION WAS WRITTEN BY… |
Members of the Continental Congress |
|
THE RIGHT TO STATE CONSTITUTIONS IS FOUND IN WHICH AMENDMENT? |
10th |
|
THE FIRST 10 AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION ARE KNOWN AS THE… |
Bill Of Rights |
|
ARTICLE ____ OF THE TEXAS CONSTITUTION SPECIFICALLY ADDRESSES THE RIGHTS OF CITIZENS IN THIS STATE. |
1 |
|
THE TEXAS CONSTITUTION DEFINES (CRIME) AS “LEVYING WAR AGAINST IT, OR ADHERING TO ITS ENEMIES, GIVING THEM AID AND COMFORT.” |
Treason |
|
ARTICLE I, SECTION 30 OF THE TEXAS CONSTITUTION WAS ADDED ON NOVEMBER 7, 1989 AND IS REFERRED TO AS … |
The Crime Victims Bill Of Rights |
|
THE PRINCIPAL POLICE PROBLEM IN EARLY ENGLAND WAS CAPTURING OFFENDERS, SUCH AS MURDERERS AND THIEVES. THE SOLUTION WAS FOUND IN A SYSTEM OF COLLECTIVE SECURITY CALLED THE … |
Frank Pledge System |
|
POLICE PROFESSIONALS AROUND THE WORLD HAIL THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF ____ (WHOM) AS WORTHY OF THE TITLE OF “FATHER OF POLICE SCIENCE.” |
August Volmer |
|
TO ACCOMPLISH HIS MANY DUTIES THE SHIRE REEVE, OR SHERIFF, WAS AUTHORIZED TO CALL OUT THE POWER TO THE COUNTY, WHICH WAS KNOWN AS THE … |
Posse Comitatus |
|
THE “WELLNESS PYRAMID” IS CAPPED BY ____ ____. |
Self Responsibility |
|
AS AMERICAN POLICING DEVELOPED IN NEW YORK, BOSTON, AND PHILADELPHIA, AN ENTIRE SYSTEM OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE BEGAN TO EXPERIENCE ____ (HINT…SOMETHING BAD). |
Corruption |
|
“THE EXPRESSION OR USE OF FACTS WITHOUT DISTORTION BY PERSONAL FEELINGS OR PREJUDICES” IS THE DEFINITION OF: |
Objectivity |
|
OUR NATIONS TESTIMONY TO ITS BELIEF IN THE BASIC AND LINEANABLE RIGHTS OF THE PEOPLE AND IN THE LIMITATIONS ON THE POWER OF GOVERNMENT IS CONTAINED IN.. |
The Bill Of Rights |
|
THE _____ IS MOTIVATED BY PROFIT, BUT DOES LITTLE PLANNING OR PREPARATION TO COMMIT HIS CRIMES, AND IS USUALLY INTERESTED IN GETTING MONEY FOR DRUGS. |
Semi Professional Theif |
|
_______ IS THE DARK BLUE DISCOLORATION WHICH IS OBSERVABLE ON PARTS OF THE BODY WHICH ARE LOWEST TO THE GROUND |
Post Mortem Lividity |
|
A _______IS THE ALTERING OF A VEHICLE’S IDENTITY BY PLACING THE SERIAL NUMBER (VIN) OF A TOTAL LOSS CAR INTO A STOLEN CAR. |
A Salvage Switch |
|
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD GIVE STRONG PRESUMPTIVE EVIDENCE OF SUICIDE IF A HAND OF DECEASED PERSON IS FOUND CLUTCHING A WEAPON. |
Cadaveric Spasm |
|
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS IS TRUE CONCERNING ASSAULT CRIMES? |
In many cases the Victim knows the Perpetrator |
|
QUADRANT SEARCHES ARE COMMONLY USED IN _____SEARCHES ? |
Both Indoor and Outdoor |
|
THE MOST COMMONLY USED TYPE OF SKETCH IS A : |
Projection Sketch |
|
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT AN ELEMENT OF THE CONTINUING OR FOLLOW-UP INVESTIGATION ? |
Determine how the crime was committed |
|
_________ IS THE STATE OF CRIMINAL CASE WHICH, AFTER THE ENTIRE COMPARISON AND CONSIDERTATION OF ALL THE EVIDENCE, LEAVES THE MINDS OF JURORS WHERE THEY FEEL AN ABIDING CONVICTION, TO A MORAL CERTAINTY, OF THE TRUTH OF THE CHARGE |
Reasonable Doubt |
|
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS IS TRUE ABOUT THE PROFESSIONAL THIEF? |
Storefront (or sting) operations work well in catching this type of criminal |
|
THE ACT OF REGARDING ONE’S CULTURE AS THE CENTER OF THE UNIVERSE IS KNOWN AS; |
Ethnocentrism |
|
ONCE SIGNED BY AN APPROPRIATE COURT OF JURISDICTION, A PROTECTIVE ORDER: |
Is both civilly and in some respect criminally enforceable and is valid for up to two years. |
|
A CROWD DEVELOPS INTO ________ WHEN ALL OR MOST OF ITS MEMBERS HAVE BEEN INSTILLED WITH A PURPOSE AND AN INTENT TO CARRY OUT THEIR PURPOSE, REGARDLESS OF THE CONSEQUENCES. |
A Mob |
|
A HAZARDOUS MATERIAL EVENT IS ONE WHICH A HAZARDOUS MATERIAL: |
Either has been or may be released into the environment |
|
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE WORST METHOD OF SEARCHING? |
Point to Point |
|
_________IS THE SUPREME COURT CASE WHICH LIMITED WHEN A POLICE OFFICER MAY USE DEADLY FORCE IN A FLEEING FELON SITUATION |
Tennesse Vs. Garner |
|
THE FACT THAT THE USE OF FORCE MIGHT BE JUSTIFIED ____ _____ AFFECT THE CIVIL REMEDIES THAT MIGHT BE AVAILABLE. |
Does Not |
|
THE THREAT TO USE DEADLY FORCE, EVEN IF DEADLY FORCE WOULD NOT BE JUSTIFIED, IS ALLOWED IF IT WERE THE INTENTIONS OF THE ACTOR TO CREATE AN APPREHENSION OF THE USE OF DEADLY FORCE. T/F |
True |
|
THE ____ METHOD CAN BE VERY USEFUL IN PROBLEM SOLVING. |
Sara |
|
POSSESSION OF MORE THAN A ____ OF LIQUOR IN A DRY AREA IS PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE THAT IT IS POSSESSED WITH INTENT TO SELL. |
Quart |
|
THE PENALTY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR DELIVERY OF A DANGEROUS DRUG IS A: |
State Jail Felony |
|
A CHILD MAY NOT BE DETAINED IN JUVENILE PROCESSING OFFICE FOR LONGER THAN ____ HOURS. |
6 |
|
WHEN WE SAY THAT COMMUNICATION IS ____, WE MEAN THAT IT IS AN ONGOING PROCESS WHERE INDIVIDUALS ARE BOTH SENDING AND RECEIVING MESSAGES AT THE SAME TIME. |
Transactional |
|
A ____ IS A GRAPH ON WHICH THREE OR MORE SCALES ARE ARRANGED SO THAT A STRAIGHT LINE DRAWN THROUGH VALUES ON ANY TWO WILL CROSS THE THIRD AT A CORRESPONDING VALUE, AND IS NORMALLY USED TO DETERMINE MINIMUM SPEED OF VEHICLES AT TIME OF IMPACT. |
Nomograph |
|
THE ACT OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT IS BEST DESCRIBED IN THE TEXAS PENAL CODE AS: |
Official Oppression |
|
THE MAXIMUM DOLLAR AMOUNT OF JURISDICTION FOR A JUSTICE COURT IN A CIVIL CASE WOULD BE: |
$10,000 |
|
THE DISTRICT COURT HAS A NEED TO BRING A CHILD INTO THEIR CONTROL TO DETERMINE PARENTAL RIGHTS. THE CORRECT ORDER WOULD BE ___ __ __ FOR THE SHERIFF/CONSTABLE TO TAKE THE CHILD FROM AN UNCOOPERATIVE PARENT. |
Writ of Attachment |
|
JOHN INTENTIONALLY STRIKES BOB IN THE HEAD AND SHOULDERS WITH A NIGHTSTICK. THE INCIDENT TOOK PLACE IN THE JAIL WHERE JOHN WORKS. WHAT CRIME OCCURRED? |
Violation of civil rights of person in custody |
|
A CONVICTED FELON MAY NEVER POSSESS A FIREARM…T OR F |
False (after 5 years from release of confinement, parole, or probation) |
|
THE FORM OF CRIMINAL HOMICIDE NORMALLY OCCURRING DURING A FIT OF BLIND RAGE OR SUDDEN PASSION IS: |
Murder |
|
FROM THE PREVIOUS SLIDE, WHAT WOULD BE THE PUNISHMENT? |
2nd Degree |
|
A PERSON WHO RECKLESSLY CAUSES THE DEATH OF AN INDIVIDUAL MAY BE CHARGED WITH: |
Manslaughter |
|
SPEED COMPUTATIONS FROM SKID MARKS SHOW THE VEHICLE’S ____ ____. |
Minimum Speed |
|
THE LANDMARK CASE ON STOP AND FRISK IS: |
Terry Vs. Ohio |
|
CHIMMEL V CALIFORNIA INVOLVED SEARCHES OF: |
The Arrested person and his/her arm's length or wing-span |
|
MAPP V OHIO IS THE SUPREME COURT CASE THAT GAVE RISE TO THE: |
Exclusionary Rule |
|
WHAT CASE PRECEDED MIRANDA AND DEALT WITH THE SAME ISSUES? |
Escobedo Vs. Illinois |
|
WHEN A PERSON CAUSES THE PENETRATION OF THE ANUS OR FEMALE SEXUAL ORGAN OF ANOTHER PERSON BY ANY MEANS, WITHOUT THAT PERSON’S CONSENT, THEY HAVE COMMITTED THE OFFENSE OF: |
Sexual Assault |
|
A PERSON AGREES WITH ONE OR MORE PERSONS TO COMMIT A FELONY PLUS AN OVERT ACT BY ONE OR MORE OF THEM IN PURSUANCE OF THE AGREEMENT IS COMMITTED. THIS CONSTITUTES: |
Criminal Conspiracy |
|
A SEARCH WARRANT RUNS FOR… |
Three days excluding the day it was issued and the day it is executed |
|
THE LIMITATION FOR PRESENTATION OF AN INDICTMENT OR INFORMATION FOR ANY MISDEMEANOR IS: |
Two Years |
|
A ____ IS THE WRITTEN STATEMENT OF A GRAND JURY ACCUSING A PERSON THEREIN NAMED OF SOME ACT OR OMISSION WHICH, BY LAW, IS DECLARED TO BE AN OFFENSE. |
Indictment |
|
A ____ IS THE WRITTEN STATEMENT FILED AND PRESENTED ON BEHALF OF THE STATE BY THE DISTRICT OR COUNTY ATTORNEY CHARGING THE DEFENDANT WITH AN OFFENSE WHICH MAY BY LAW BE SO PROSECUTED. |
Information |
|
THE AFFIDAVIT MADE BEFORE THE MAGISTRATE, DISTRICT ATTORNEY, OR COUNTY ATTORNEY WHICH ALLEGES AN OFFENSE IS CALLED: |
A Complaint |
|
IT IS THE DUTY OF EVERY PEACE OFFICER, AS ESTABLISHED BY ART. 2.13 OF THE CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE TO: |
Preserve the peace within his jurisdiction |
|
EACH SHERIFF SHALL BE THE: |
Conservator of the Peace |
|
THE ____ ____ IN EACH INCORPORATED CITY OR TOWN SHALL HAVE JURISDICTION IN CASES INVOLVING CLASS “C” MISDEMEANORS. |
Municipal Court |
|
YOU HAVE PROBABLE CAUSE TO BELIEVE THAT WEAPONS PROHIBITED BY THE PENAL CODE ARE KEPT IN A FILE CABINET IN THE EDITORS OFFICE OF THE LOCAL NEWSPAPER. YOU MAY: |
Obtain a search warrant and seize the weapons |
|
A SEARCH WARRANT FOR PROPERTY ___ ___ MAY NOT BE SIGNED BY A JUSTICE OF THE PEACE. |
Constituting Evidence |
|
AMENDMENT 8 OF THE U.S. CONSTITUTION ESTABLISHES: |
Protection against cruel and unusual punishment |