Study Guide Humanities - The Crusades

Front 1

Pope Urban II

Back 1

He was a pope of the Roman Catholic church. He was important because he was the one who started the Crusades through his speech.

Front 2

Alexius Comnenus

Back 2

He was an emperor of the Byzantine Empire. He was important because he asked for help to Pope Urban II when they were being invaded by the Seljuk Turks and this started the Crusades.

Front 3

Interdict

Back 3

To expel an entire community from the church. It's important because this way the pope had more power over the communities and the king.

Front 4

Commercial Revolution

Back 4

A new system after the feudal system. It's important because it brought trade and a lot of exchange into Europe and the Middle East.

Front 5

4th Crusade

Back 5

When the Franks wanted to conquer Jerusalem but ended up conquering Constantinople. This is important because it led to the decline of the Byzantine Empire.

Front 6

1st Crusade

Back 6

This is the Official Crusade where the vassals embark and they conquer Nicaea, Edessa, Antioch, and even Jerusalem. It's important because the Franks gained a lot of power and land, and the Crusader states were established.

Front 7

Seljuk Turks

Back 7

A group from Central Asia that invaded the Muslim Empire. They're important because they invaded the Byzantine Empire together with the Muslims and it led to the beginning of the Crusades.

Front 8

People's Crusade

Back 8

Unofficial Crusade before the 1st Crusade that started with Peter the Hermit that gained peasants, women, and children. It's important because they were not prepared and they were easily defeated when they reached Nicaea.

Front 9

Saladin

Back 9

He was the nephew of Shirkuh and he started the Ayyubid Dynasty and also became the sultan of Egypt. He was important because he takes back Jerusalem from the Christians and gains a lot of power.

Front 10

Surplus of Food

Back 10

It was a time in Europe when there was a great climate, a lot of food production, innovations in agriculture, people resisted diseases, and more. It's important because this changes transformed the feudal system of self sufficiency to a trading society.

Front 11

Fatimid

Back 11

They were a group of Muslims that were against the Seljuk Turks and they ruled Jerusalem before the Crusaders attacked. They're important because they were kind to the Franks but still, the Crusaders decided to attack and they were defeated.

Front 12

Zengi

Back 12

He was the leader of a Muslim city and also the first to unite the Muslims to fight against the Crusaders. He's important because he fighter against the Crusaders and he conquers Edessa.