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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. Oratorio
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Origin of the term: Oratory
Chapels; originated in Italy. People would sing in the "oratories" . Deals with sacred topics, church. In ENGLISH. For choir, solosits, an ensemble. |
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1. Handel's contributions to Oratorias.
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Saul and Messiah.
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1. Lutheran cantata
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Chorus and orchestra; 15-20 minutes long.
Complemented church services, 5 - 7 movements. Movements contained: arias, recitatives, soloists. |
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1. Chorale
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Protestant melody in GERMAN; played throughout service.
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1. Chorale Prelude
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A composition for organ and it shows the chorale melody.
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1. Passion
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Jesus Christ; more about the mood than actually Jesus.
Written by Bach; wrote five, only two survived. |
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2. Opera seria
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Handel's contributions: Julius Caesar
Usually three acts; historical or mythological value. Tries to make it a serious and dramatic thingy. |
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Accompanied recitative
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small ensemble in background
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Secco recitative
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basso continuo
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Da capo aria
(rage aria) |
A B A'
Rage Aria: usually minor, has a fast tempo, and a lost of melismas |
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Castrato (Farinelli)
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Cut off baby makers to keep voices high-pitched.
Farinelli - most famous it happened to. |
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Concerto
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Featuring soloist with accompanist.
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Concerto Grosso
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More than one soloist.
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Concertino VS. Tutti
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Concertino: small ensemble
Tutti: Large ensemble; more of an orchestra |
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Ritornello (ritornello form)
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"Little Return"; refrain.
Ritornello: opening theme, played tutti. Returns in whole or in part in different keys throughout the movement. DIFFERS from the Rondo. Consist of sequences. |
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Baroque Dance Suits (Allemande - Courante - Sarabande- Gigue)
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Allemande: originally a german dance, upbeat, duple meter.
Courante: a dance in running pattern, moderate tempo, triple meter. Sarabande: latin american origin, slower tempo, triple meter. Emphasis on second beat of measure. Gigue: English origins, compound meter, usually imitated dance. |
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Minuet
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Social dance, French origin, in 3/4 time.
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Tocatta
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From Italian, "to touch". Virtuoso piece of music, usually keyboard or plucked string.
Fast-moving, lightly fingered. |
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Fantasia
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Roots in the art of improvisation; because of this, there is no strict musical form.
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Subject
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Starts a cappella and is short.
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Answer
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The subject in, typically, another voice; usually a perfect 5th above, or perfect 4th below.
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Countersubject
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Under the answer. Remains the same throughout the entire piece.
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Exposition
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When all of the voices have finished stating the subject.
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Episode
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Subject of fugue is not present or disguised; usually connects expositions.
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Stretto
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Subjects overlap.
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Only Bach
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-Famous Organ Player
-First job was in Muhlhausen -Wrote everything in every major and minor key -Similar views to Luther about the voice; how it is the closest to God. -Wrote ~500 cantatas, only 180 survived. -2 wives, 20 children |
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Only Handel
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-Opera writer
-Never married |
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Bach AND Handel
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-Church music
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Corelli and Torelli
(Chamber music and the concerto) |
Corelli wrote Opus 6, #8 "Christmas Concerto". His music was only a limited portion of the instrument's capabilities.
Torelli: concerto; Opus 8. |
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Vivaldi
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Concerto (The Four Seasons): Took the four of the set of poems and made them each into works. Winter was the most popular.
L'Estro armonico: 12 concertos |
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Rameau
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Traiate de l'harmonie (treatise on Harmony): discovery of "fundamental law" for music theory.
What works is he best known for? Hippolyte (Opera), Les index galantes |
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Handel
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Operas VS. Oratorios: Opera's do NOT have choruses, Oratorios are in ENGLISH.
Giulio Casare/Massiah: answers are above. |
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Bach
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BWV numbers: Bach's works catalogues
Brandenburg concerto: Trumpet |
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Elizabeth de la Guerre; Allemande from Suite no. 3 in A Minor.
How is this example typical of the Baroque suite and especially the Allemande? |
Sounds like: Harpsichord, moderate tempo
Example of Baroque suite: Allemande is one of the four parts of a Dance Suite. An Allemande because…? Dance pattern in a moderate meter. |
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Vivaldi Concerto in A Minor, Op. 3, No. 6 (First movement)
Why is this typical of Vivaldi's style…? Main characteristics of the other movements? |
Solo Violin, orchestra in the background.
Typical because of the refrains. Second movement; LARGO Third movement; PRESTO |
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Rameau; Act IV of Hippolyte et Aricie
How is this typical of late Baroque French opera? |
Upbeat fast; orchestra and chorus. Solo man and women about halfway through.
Baroque French Opera; because of the large chorus. |
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Bach Prelude and Fugue in A Minor
How is this typical of Bach's organ music and the fugue? (Fuga) |
Organ playing. Continuous patterns, mostly up tempo/fast.
Very complicated organ music to show off. Fuga: Subjects come in at different times, gets lower every time. |
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Bach Contata 62, Nun Komm, der Heiden Heiland (First movement)
Why is this a good example of the Lutheran cantata? How is the chorale tune used? |
Orchestra; "oboe" and strings at beginning. Very call and response sounding, then separated.
Singing comes in halfway, chorus; in GERMAN. Lutheran cantata: German. Played for service. Chorale Tune: same chorus used so that everyone in the service knows what it will be. |
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Handel Giulio Cesare, Act 2, Scene 2
(Focus on Cleopatra's da capo aria "V'adoro pupille" |
Solo women, with orchestra in background.
(Form): A B A' Uses trills in the retransition to A' |
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Handel, chorus from Saul, "O fatal consequence of rage"
How does this excerpt exemplify Handel's oratorios? |
Chorus, in rounds, with orchestra.
Biblical texts in English exemplifies Handel's oratorio's. |
