Study Guide Eemb Final

Front 1

Acid Rain

Back 1

-type of air pollution.
-co2 and global climate effects
-ozone layer decreases

Front 2

altruism

Back 2

-individuals put themselves at risk for the benefit of the species
-type of animal behavior
-all humans have 3% similarity
-based on contingency basis, most likely to sacrifice self for parents

Front 3

CFC's

Back 3

-Chlorofluorocarbons - depletion of the ozone layer
-organic compound that contains carbon, chlorine, and fluorine
-derivative of methane and ethane.

Front 4

Ecological scales

4 types

Back 4

1)organism
2)population
3)community
4)ecosystem

Front 5

organism

Back 5

a single individual of a single species

Front 6

population

Back 6

individuals of the same species living in the same geographical area

Front 7

community

Back 7

- 2 or more populations living in the same geographical area
-apart of the ecological scale

Front 8

ecosystem

Back 8

comprising the community, together with its physical environment

Front 9

ecology - interactions

3 types

Back 9

1)predator - prey
2)symbiosis
3)competition

Front 10

predator-prey

Back 10

predator/prey - promote features to facilitate prey capture

offensive/defensive characteristics
-eyesight, hearing, speed, sense of smell, strength

Front 11

symbiosis

3 types

Back 11

1)mutualism (+,+)
2)commensalism(+,0)
3)parasitism (+,-)

organisms living together.
how they coexist

Front 12

mutualism

Back 12

both species benefit from the association

(+,+)

clown fish, anemone

Front 13

commensalism

Back 13

-type of symbiosis

(+, 0) relationship

one species benefits, the other is unaffected
-remora sucker fish/ shark

Front 14

parasitism

Back 14

-one species benefits and the other is harmed
-parasite - host
(+,-)

-humans and parasites
-tape worms

Front 15

competition

Back 15

(-,-) both species are harmed by this association

-lion and hyena - lions jaws designed to eat hyena heads

Front 16

competitive exclusion

Back 16

gause hypothesis
-no two species can occupy the same ecological space (niche) simultaneously

Front 17

decomposer

Back 17

-one of the primary consumers who eat primary producers
-worms

Front 18

trophic levels

5 types

Back 18

1)primary producers
2)primary consumers
3)secondary consumers
4)tertiary consumers
5)quaternary consumers

Hint 18

forms a hierarchy of feeding relationships

Front 19

intraspecific

Back 19

produced, occurring, or existing within a species or between individuals of a single species

Hint 19

altruistic behaviors

human to human

Front 20

niche

Back 20

sum total of all the ways an organism utilizes the resources of the environment

Hint 20

notes!

Front 21

pollination

1)obligate - pollinate self
2)facilitate - self/cross pollinate
3)cross pollinate - other plants

Back 21

transfer of male part (pollen) to female part (carpel)
-pollen contains sperm, carpel contains egg
-results in fertilization

Hint 21

-increases genetic variation
-but still need to protect pollinators from eating them
-mutualism between plants/animals

Front 22

resource partitioning
-via character displacement

Back 22

-consequence of competition
evolutionary change in species in response to selection pressures generated by interspecific competition.

Hint 22

notes!

Front 23

desertification

Back 23

-conversion of grassland or woodlands to desertlike conditions

Front 24

signal receiver

Back 24

-plant and animal interaction

1)primary(initial) signal - visual/chemical cue

2)secondary signal - visual/ and or tactile cue

Front 25

biosphere

Back 25

continuous band of water, land and atmosphere
- where life on planet earth is found
-Everything else inside and outside is dead
-That is why our affects is so big, only 14 miles of life

Hint 25

realm in which all biological evolution occurs

Front 26

3 major ecosystems

Back 26

1)atmosphere
2)hydrosphere
3)lithosphere

Front 27

communication (review lecture)

how

purpose

Back 27

1)morphologically
2)physiologically
3)chemically
4)behaviorally

Hint 27

1)social interaction
2)sexual interaction
3)defense

Front 28

carrying capacity

Back 28

number of individuals that can be supported in an area based on the amount of resources available

Hint 28

population growth will exponentially grow until carrying capacity is reached

Front 29

types of behavior

Back 29

1)instinctive
2)learned

Front 30

instinctive behavior

Back 30

-genetically inbred
-response to one or more cues leads to a specific programmed response (fixed action pattern)
-reflexive reaction

Front 31

learned behavior

Back 31

-genetic component and environmental component
-babies sucking, chimps grabbing moms neck
-leads to variable response

Front 32

energy pyramid

Back 32

-about 10% of energy is transferred from one level to the next
-loss of a lot of heat

Hint 32

-consumers forced to eat/sleep alot
-stomach's absorb more
- also eat low - berries veggies

Front 33

detritivore

Back 33

type of primary consumer who eat primary producer

Front 34

primary consumers

Back 34

-herbivores
-decomposer
-detrivore

Front 35

food chain

Back 35

-Linear sequence of feeding relationships.
-However, Species D can also eat species B
-In real life there is no such thing as a food chain

Front 36

food web

Back 36

-multi linkage feeding interactions
-We eat all over the place

Hint 36

-most communities only have 3-5 trophic levels
-because energy flow sucks
10%

Front 37

interspecific

Back 37

between a species

Front 38

sign stimuli

Back 38

instinctive behavior
-response to one or more cues that leads to programmed response (fixed action patter)

Front 39

biogeography

Back 39

-geographical distribution of plants and animals
-ecology - where are they, how many, and why?

Front 40

biome

Back 40

a large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna occupying a major habitat,

Front 41

climax community

Back 41

biological community of plants and animals which, through the process of ecological succession — the development of vegetation in an area over time — has reached a steady state.state of equilibrium

Front 42

character displacement

Back 42

two species occupying the same space and specializing to eachothers presence

Front 43

genetic investment

Back 43

-genetic investment in instinctive behaviors
-behaviors that enhance survival

Front 44

logistic growth

Back 44

-type of competition
-a population grows slowly, then increases rapidly until it reaches carrying capacity and levels off.

Front 45

mimicry

Back 45

individuals imitating one another
-bisexual orchid

Hint 45

-male bee copulates
-removes pollen sac from bee, is delivered to stigma of the orchid

Front 46

metabolism

Back 46

-sum total of all the chemical reactions in an organism

Hint 46

-anabolism - small to large
-catabolism - large to small

Front 47

primary productivity

Back 47

efficacy of the primary producers in an ecosystem
-primary producers converting potential chemical energy into usable energy

Front 48

succession

Back 48

natural progression of a community
-species gradually shifting overtime, species changing the environment and the environment changing the species

Front 49

territory

Back 49

living area and resources that an organism uses