Study Guide #4: Antecedents And Operant Behavior

Front 1

SD or SD(rfmt)

Back 1

Discriminative S for Reinforcement

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What does an SD do?

Back 2

SD's evoke behavior because in the past that behavior has been reinforced in its presence

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What does SD signal?

Back 3

Signals availability of reinforcement for a specific behavior

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What does an S^ do?

Back 4

S^'s suppress or abate behavior because in the past that behavior has been extinguished in its presence.

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What does S^ signal?

Back 5

Signals reinforcement is NOT available for a specific behavior

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WHat does an SDP do?

Back 6

SDP's suppress or abate behavior because in the past that behavior was punished in its presence

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What does an SDP signal?

Back 7

Signals that punishment is available for a specific behavior

Front 8

What does an SDP do?

Back 8

Suppress or abate behavior because in the past that behavior was punished in its presence

Front 9

What does an SDP signal?

Back 9

Signals that punishment is available for a specific behavior

Front 10

S^

Back 10

Discriminative S for Extinction

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SDP

Back 11

Discriminative S for Punishment

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Abolishing Operations Related to Reinforcement

Back 12

MOs which decrease the value of other events as forms of reinforcement

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stimulus control

Back 13

the tendency of behavior to occur more frequently in the presence of a stimulus (the SD) because the behavior has been reinforced only or mostly in the presence of that stimulus

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discriminative stimulus

Back 14

an antecedent stimulus which evokes or abates an operant because in its presence the relation between the Bx and an effective consequence was different from what it was in the absence

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stimulus generalization

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is the tendency of a learned response to occur in the presence of stimuli which were not present during training but which either have some similar physical properties to the SD or have been associated with the SD

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motivating operation

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MO is the antecedent condition that has two effects a value altering effect and a Bx altering effect

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AOs related to reinforcement

Back 17

MOs which decrease the value of other events as forms of reinforcement
they abate the type of Bx which has been reinforced by those events in the past

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EOs related to punishment

Back 18

MOs which increase the value of other events as forms of of punishment they abate the type of Bx which has been punished by those events in the past

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AOs related to punishment

Back 19

MOs which decrease the value of other events as forms of punishment they evoke the type of Bx which has been punished by those events in the past

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UMOs: Two most basic are

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Deprivation (UEO)
Satiation (UAO)

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9 Main Human UMOs

Back 21

1-5 = Five deprivation and satiation UMOs: food, water, sleep, activity, oxygen
6 = UMOs related to sex
7-8 = 2 UMOs related to being too cold / too warm
9 = UMO consisting of onset or magnification of painful stim

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Negative Reinforcement

Back 22

Reinforcement by relief
EO - R - SR

The irritant or aversive antecedent involved in negative reinforcement is an EO

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Painful stimulation is an

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EO for negative reinforcement and NOT an SD
*To have an SD you must have differential reinforcement!!

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Conditioned Motivating Operations (CMOs)

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Variables that alter that reinforcing effectiveness of other events but only as a result of the individual organism's history

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The Three CMOs

Back 25

Surrogate
Reflexive
Transitive

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Surrogate CMO

Back 26

Acquire the properties of an MO through pairing in much the same way that stimuli become SRs through pairing

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Reflexive CMOs

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Correlated with either a worsening or improving condition. There are two tyoes of CMO Rs
Threat CMO-Rs and Promise CMO-Rs

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Threat CMo-Rs

Back 28

Correlated with a worsening condition. Function as an EO for negative reinforcement and evoke Bx that terminates the event.

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Transitive CMOs

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An event which establishes another stimulus as a necessary condition to complete the response that the first event evokes and thus establishes that second stimulus as a reinforcer

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Omnibus Terms

Back 30

Terms that cover various functions of stimuli at once. They refer to a stimulus that has multiple functions.

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Aversive Stimulus

Back 31

An omnibus term. It has various functions

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Name the four functions of an aversive stimulus

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1. Its presentation evokes bx that terminates it
2. Its offset strengths bx that preceded its offset
3. Its onset weakens bx that precedes its onset
4. It may elicit smooth muscle and gland responses

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Appetitive Stimuli

Back 33

Omnibus term. Has various functions.

Front 34

Name the four functions of an appetitive stimuli

Back 34

1. Its onset strengthens bx that preceded its onset
2. Its offset weakens bx that precedes its offset
3. It abates bx that removes it
4. It may elicit smooth muscle and gland responses

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Multiple Effects

Back 35

Many environmental effects have more than one bx effect. For example, aversive and appetitive stimuli

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Behavior Chain

Back 36

A complex behavior consisting of two or more response components that occur in a definite order