Study

Front 1

What are P-type retinal ganglion cells responsible for?

*color sensitive?

Back 1

P-type ganglion cells - have sustained response, center/surround rf,

**color sensitive color pattern vision

Front 2

What are M-type retinal ganglion cells responsible for?

*color sensitive?

Back 2

M-type ganglion cells - respond transiently, center/surround rf,

**color insensitive - movement detection

Front 3

What are g-cells responsible for?

Back 3

g-cells = W-cells - smallest, - pupillary reflex, etc.

Front 4

In a hair cell in the Organ of Corti, distortion of the cilia can open channels, which causes membrane depolarization because.....?

Back 4

potassium ions enter the cell

Front 5

Sensory neurons that innervate a muscle spindle show a large increase in action potential activity when the muscle _______ (stretches/contracts), & ________ (does change length/does not change length)

Back 5

Sensory neurons that innervate a muscle spindle show a large increase in action potential activity when the muscle is stretched and changes length

Front 6

You have two nerve cells which your colleague tells you have different length constants. Would you predict the Nodes of Ranvier of the axon with the shorter length constant to be ________ (closer/farther) than the other axon with the longer length constant

Back 6

You have two nerve cells which your colleague tells you have different length constants. Would you predict the Nodes of Ranvier of the axon with the shorter length constant to be closer than the other axon with the longer length constant

Front 7

Sensory transduction and subsequent signaling about properties of the incoming sounds are sent to the brain from ___________ (the IHC's/the OHC's/both)

Back 7

Sensory transduction and subsequent signaling about properties of the incoming sounds are sent to the brain from the inner hair cells.

Front 8

Tetanus is produced by a muscle stimulated at a high frequency. The amount of tension produced during tetanus is higher than during a single twitch because __________ accumulates inside the muscle cells

Back 8

Tetanus is produced by a muscle stimulated at a high frequency. The amount of tension produced during tetanus is higher than during a single twitch because calcium accumulates inside the muscle cells

Front 9

What is procedural memory, and what structure(s) are involved in procedural memory?

Back 9

Procedural memory is memory of skills or behaviors, and the cerebellum.

Front 10

The primary auditory cortex (A1), is a part of Brodmann's area __, and is ______.

Back 10

The primary auditory cortex (A1), is a part of Brodmann's area 41, and is organized in a two-dimensional array of vertically oriented frequency columns and binaural columns

Front 11

Which hormones are released in the posterior lobe of the pituitary?

Back 11

vasopressin (ADH) (induce thirst, concentrate urine) and oxytocin (contractions during childbirth) are released in the posterior lobe of the pituitary

Front 12

Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter used by ________, _________, _______, ______.

Back 12

somatic motor neurons, parasympathetic motor neurons, parasympathetic preganglionic neurons, sympathetic preganglionic neurons

Front 13

which sensory receptor has: flattened epithelial cell+neurite in epidermis?

Back 13

flattened epithelial cell+neurite in epidermis: Merkel's disks

Front 14

which sensory receptor contains mechanically gated K-channel?

Back 14

contains mechanically gated K-channel: inner hair cell

Front 15

which sensory receptor sends signals to spinal cord via Ib afferent?

Back 15

the Golgi tendon organ sensory receptor sends signals to spinal cord via Ib afferent

Front 16

which sensory mechanoreceptor hanging under ridges of glabrous skin?

Back 16

the Meissner's corpuscle mechanoreceptors hang under ridges of glabrous skin

Front 17

which sensory receptor sends its axon thru cribiform plate?

Back 17

the olfactory receptor cell sends its axon thru cribiform plate

Front 18

which sensory receptor: intrafusal muscle, innervated by g motor neuron

Back 18

muscle spindle

Front 19

which sensory receptor: sides of vallate papillae?

Back 19

taste cells

Front 20

which sensory receptors predominate in peripheral retina? (rods/cones)

Back 20

rods predominate in peripheral retina

Front 21

which sensory receptors are onion-like mechanoreceptor in deep dermis?

Back 21

Pacinian corpuscle

Front 22

which sensory receptors predominate in fovea?

Back 22

cones predominate in fovea

Front 23

Brodmann's area 17?

Back 23

striate cortex (V1)

Front 24

Brodmann's area 41?

Back 24

A1, primary auditory cortex (temporal lobe)

Front 25

Brodmann's areas 1,2,3?

Back 25

S1, primary somatosensory cortex (part of the parietal lobe)

Front 26

Brodmann's area 4?

Back 26

M1, primary motor cortex (frontal lobe)

Front 27

Brodmann's areas 5,7?

Back 27

posterior parietal cortex

Front 28

Brodmann's area 6?

Back 28

supplementary motor area (SMA), premotor area

Front 29

the temporal lobe involves what?

Back 29

the temporal lobe is involved in auditory perception & is home to the primary auditory cortex (A1, Brodmann's area 41)

Front 30

the parietal lobe involves what?

Back 30

the parietal lobe integrates sensory information, and it is home to the primary somatosensory cortex (S1, Brodmann's areas 1,2,3)

Front 31

the occipital lobe involves what?

Back 31

the occipital lobe is the visual processing center, and is home to the primary visual cortex (V1, Brodmann's area 17)

Front 32

the frontal lobe involves what?

Back 32

the frontal lobe involves motor commands, and is home to the primary motor cortex (M1, Brodmann's area 4)

Front 33

time frame for neural plasticity

Back 33

critical period

Front 34

neurons that fire together, wire together

Back 34

Hebbian modifications

Front 35

memory of facts or events

Back 35

declarative memory

Front 36

memory trace

Back 36

engram

Front 37

memory requiring continual rehearsal

Back 37

short-term memory

Front 38

memory of skills or behaviors

Back 38

procedural memory

Front 39

permanent memory not needing rehearsal

Back 39

long-term memory