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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Transcription?
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The synthesis of RNA from DNA templates via RNA polymerases.
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What is Translation?
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The synthesis of protein from mRNA templates.
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What is a Codon?
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A 3-base sequence which specifies an amino acid.
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What reads the codons within mRNA?
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tRNA
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What type of bonding holds together nucleic acid polymers?
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Covalent
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What composes each monomer unit within nucleic acid?
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-Sugar
-Phosphate -Nitrogenous base |
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What characterizes DNA from RNA?
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Deoxyribose vs. Ribose
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How is Deoxyribose different?
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No hydroxyl group on the 2' carbon
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What links the sugars in nucleic acids?
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Phosphodiester bonds
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Which are the Purine bases?
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GAP - Guanine, Adenine
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Which are the Pyrimidine bases?
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CUT - Cytosine, Uracil, Thymine
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Why is the 2'hydroxyl group in RNA important?
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It allows for removal of introns and splicing of exons for mature RNA formation.
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Why is nucleic acid polar?
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Because each phosphodiester bridge has a neg charge.
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What is a nucleoside?
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A unit consisting of a base bonded to a sugar.
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What is a nuclotide?
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A nucleoside joined to one or more phosphate groups via phosphodiester linkage.
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List the RNA nucleosides:
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Adenosine
Guanosine Cytidine Uridine |
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List the DNA nucleosides:
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Deoxyadenosine
Deoxyguanosine Deoxycytidine Thymidine |
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To which N and C are the links between bases and carbons in nucleosides?
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Carbon 1 of the sugar is attached to N9 (purines) or N1 (pyrimidines)
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