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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define the term empirical formula
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simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound.
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Define the term molecular formula
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actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule
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Give the general formulas for:
-Alkane - Alkene -Alcohol -Cycloalkane -Cycloalkene -Haloalkane |
Alkane -CnH2n+2
Alkene CnH2n Alcohol CnH2n+1OH Cycloalkane CnH2n Cycloalkene CnH2n-2 Haloalkane CnH2n+1X |
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Define the term Structural formula
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the minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
E.g. Butane: CH3CH2CH2CH3 or CH3(CH2)2CH |
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Define the term displayed formula
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the relative positioning of atoms and the bonds between them
EG. |
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State the first 10 members of the alkanes homologous series
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1 Methyl
2 Ethyl 3 Propyl 4 Butyl 5 Pentyl 6 Hexyl 7 Heptyl 8 Octyl 9 Nonyl 10 Decyl |
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Define the term structural isomers
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compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula
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Define the term Stereoisomers
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compounds with the same structural and molecular formula but with a different arrangement of atoms in space
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Define the term E/Zisomerism as an example
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restricted rotation about a double bond and the requirement for two different groups to be attached to each carbon atom of the C=C group
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Explain Cis and trans isomerism
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EIZ isomerism in which two of the substituent groups are the same
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Homolytic fission
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(the same )The forming of two radicals from breaking of a covalent bond where one electron goes to each atom
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Hetrolytic fission
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(different types) formation of a cation and anion by breaking of a covalent bond where both electrons go to one atom
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Draw an electrophilc addition reaction-between ethane and chlorine
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Draw a free radical substitution of chlorine and methane- and name each mechanism
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Draw the nucleophilic substitution reaction
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The equation for percentage yield
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(Actual amount produced/Theoretical Amount produced) x 100 = Percentage Yield
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The equation for atom economy
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(Molecular Mass of desired products/Molecular mass of all products) x 100
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How do addition and substitution reactions affect atom economy?
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addition reactions have an atom economy of 100%, whereas substitution reactions are less efficient; x<100%
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