Structure & Function 2 Lab Exam 1

Front 1

collects and directs sounds waves into auditory canal

Back 1

auricle

Front 2

vibrates at exactly the same frequency as the sound wave(s) hitting it.

Back 2

tympanic membrane

Front 3

articulate to form a lever system that amplifies and transmits the vibratory motion of the eardrum to the fluids of the inner ear via the oval window

Back 3

ossicles

Front 4

contains sensory receptors for hearing

Back 4

cochlea

Front 5

involved in equilibrium

Back 5

vestibule and semicircular canals

Front 6

helps equalize the pressure of the middle ear cavity with external air pressure

Back 6

auditory tube

Front 7

bounds the scala tympani

Back 7

round window

Front 8

test that checls for audibility sharpness

Back 8

acuity test

Front 9

test that checks for ability to locate sounds

Back 9

sound localization

Front 10

test that determines conduction or sensorineural deafness

Back 10

weber test

Front 11

test that compairs bone and air conduction hearing

Back 11

rinne test

Front 12

deafness where the sounds will be heard louder in the ear with hearing loss than in the "normal" ear

Back 12

conduction deafness

Front 13

deafness where sounds will be heard louder in the ear with no hearing loss.

Back 13

sensorineural deafness

Front 14

what cranial nerve carries information for hearing and balance?

Back 14

vestibulocohlear nerve (VIII)

Front 15

type of hearing loss in which the root cause lies in the vestibulocochlear nerve (Cranial nerve VIII), the inner ear, or central processing centers of the brain.

Back 15

sensorineural deafness

Front 16

test that demonstrates weither normal function of the equilibrium apparatus

Back 16

balance test

Front 17

test that demonstrates nystagmus and vertigo

Back 17

Banary test

Front 18

test demonstrated the integrity of the dorsal white column of the spinal cord

Back 18

romberg test

Front 19

what are the types of papillae containing taste buds?

Back 19

circumvallate, foliate, fungiform

Front 20

G protein- gustducin causes depolatrization

Back 20

sweet and bitter

Front 21

deploarization causes K channels to close

Back 21

sweet

Front 22

depolarization causes increased intracellular levels of Ca

Back 22

bitter

Front 23

H ions and blockade of K (or Na) channels causes depolarization

Back 23

sour

Front 24

influx of Na throught Na Channels causes depolarization

Back 24

salty

Front 25

amino acid glutamate causes depolarization

Back 25

umami

Front 26

Even through we refer to the "nasal epithelium" what type of cells are the actual olfactory receptor cells?

Back 26

bipolar neurons (epithelium)

Front 27

what are the five taste sensations?

Back 27

sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami

Front 28

what factor plays a role in taste?

Back 28

smell

Front 29

what does Antidiuretic hormone do and where is it produced?

Back 29

causes the distal and collecting tublues of the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urinary filtrate. increases blood pressure

secreted by the posterior pituitary

Front 30

what does oxytocin do and where is it produced?

Back 30

it stimulated uterine contraction during birth and coitus and also causes milk ejection in the lactating mother

secreted by the posterior pituitary

Front 31

what does the growth hormone do and where is it produced?

Back 31

metabolic hormone that plays an important role in determining body size.

produced by the anterior pituitary

Front 32

what does prolactin do and where is it produced?

Back 32

stimulated breast development and promotes and maintains lactation by the mammary glands after chilbirth. may stimulate testoterone in males

produced by the anterior pituitary

Front 33

what does follicle stimulating hormone do and where is it produced?

Back 33

regulate gamete production and hormonal activity of the gonads

produced by the anterior pituitary gland

Front 34

what does the luteinizing hormone do and where is it produced?

Back 34

regulate gamete production and hormonal activity of the gonads

produced by the anterior pituitary gland

Front 35

what does the thyroid stimulating hormone do and where is it produced?

Back 35

influences the growth and activity of the thyroid gland.

produced by the anterior pituitary gland

Front 36

what does adrenocorticotropic hormone do and where is it produced?

Back 36

regulates the endocrine activity of the cortex portion of the adrenal gland

produced in the anterior pituitary

Front 37

what does melatonin do and where is it produced?

Back 37

exerts some inhibitory effect on the reproductive sstem that prevents precocious sexual maturation

produced by the pineal gland

Front 38

what does T3 and T4 do and where is it produced?

Back 38

controls the rate of body metabolism and cellular oxidation

produced by the Thyroid gland

Front 39

what does calcitonin do and where is it produced?

Back 39

decreses blood calcium levels by stimulating Ca salt deposit in the bones

produced in the thryoid gland

Front 40

what does parathyroid hormone do ans where is it produced?

Back 40

regulates the Ca balance of the blood. when Ca levels are low it releases PTH which causes release of Ca from bone matrix and prods the kidneys to reabsorb more Ca and less K

produced by the Parathyroid gland

Front 41

what does aldosterone do, where is it produced, and what is it other name?

Back 41

regulates water and electrolyte balance in the extracellular fluids by regluating Na ion reabsorption by kidney tubules

produced by adrenal glands

mineralocorticoids

Front 42

what does cortisone do, where is it produced, and what it is other name?

Back 42

enable the body to resist long-term stressors, primarily by increasing blood glucose levels

produced by adrenal glands

cocorticoids

Front 43

what does androgens do, where is it produced, and what is its other name?

Back 43

male sex hormones and female sex hormones

produced by adrenal glands

gonadocorticoids

Front 44

what does insulin do and where is it produced?

Back 44

decreases blood sugar levels by accelerating the transport of glucose into the body cells

produced by the pancreas

Front 45

what does glucagon do and where is it produced?

Back 45

stimulated by low blood glucose levels and it stimulated the liver to break doen its glycogen stores to glucose and subsequently to release the glucose to blood

produced by the pancreas

Front 46

what is estrogen and where is it produced?

Back 46

responsible for the developement of the secondary sex characteristics of the female at puberty (maturation of the reproductive organs and development of the breasts)

produced by the gonads

Front 47

what is progesterone and where is it produced?

Back 47

acts with estrogen to bring about the menstrual cycle. during pregnancy it maintains the uterine musculature in a quiescent state and helps to prepare the breast tissue for lactation

produced by the gonads

Front 48

what is testosterone and where is it produced?

Back 48

promotes the maturation of the reproductive system accessory structures, brings about the development of the male secondary sex characteristics and is responsible for sexual drive or libido

produced by the gonads

Front 49

a protective mechanism that minimizes blood loss when blood vessels are ruptured

Back 49

blood clotting

Front 50

The clumping of cells such as bacteria or red blood cells in the presence of an antibody. The antibody or other molecule binds multiple particles and joins them, creating a large complex.

Back 50

agglutination

Front 51

transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

Back 51

erthrocytes

Front 52

phagocytize bacteria

Back 52

neutrophil

Front 53

kill arasitic worms; destroy antigen-antibody complexes; inactivate some inflammatory chemicals of allergy

Back 53

eosinophil

Front 54

release histamine and other mediators of inflammation; contain heparin, and anticoagulant

Back 54

basophil

Front 55

mount immune response by direct cell attack or via antibodies

Back 55

lymphocytes

Front 56

phagocytosis; develop into macrophages in tissue

Back 56

monocyte

Front 57

seal small tears in blood vessels; instrumental in blood clotting

Back 57

platelets

Front 58

what is the normal number of leukocytes in humans?

Back 58

4800-10800

Front 59

a disease in which the optic nerve is damaged, leading to progressive, irreversible loss of vision. It is often, but not always, associated with increased pressure of the fluid in the eye

Back 59

glaucoma

Front 60

in glaucoma what is affected?

Back 60

optic nerve

Front 61

clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its envelope, varying in degree from slight to complete opacity and obstructing the passage of light.

Back 61

cataracts

Front 62

in a cataract, what part is affected?

Back 62

lens

Front 63

what is the action of the lateral rectus?

Back 63

moves eye laterally

Front 64

what is the action of the medial rectus?

Back 64

moves eye medially

Front 65

what is the action of the superior rectus?

Back 65

elevates eye and turns it medially

Front 66

what is the action of the inferior rectus?

Back 66

depressed eye and turns it medially

Front 67

what is the action of the inferior oblique?

Back 67

elevates eye and turns it laterally

Front 68

what is the action of the superior oblique?

Back 68

depresses eye and turns it laterally

Front 69

what is the antibody present in A blood type?

Back 69

Anti-B

Front 70

what is the antibody present in B blood type?

Back 70

Anti-A

Front 71

what is the antibody present in AB blood type?

Back 71

None

Front 72

what is the antibody present in O blood type?

Back 72

Anti-A and Anti-B