Structure & Function 1 Lab Exam 2

Front 1

Which contain more bones? Adult or fetal skeleton?

Back 1

Fetal (275 bones vs 206 bones)

Front 2

Does the fetal skull have the same bones as the adult skull?

Back 2

yes

Front 3

how does the size of the face compare to the cranium in a fetal skull?

Back 3

face is much smaller/shorter than crainum

Front 4

how does the face and cranium of a fetal skull compare to the face and cranium of an adult?

Back 4

adults are much more square than fetals. fetals are more retangular.

Front 5

indentations between that bones of the fetal skull

Back 5

fontanels

Front 6

how are bones formed that make up the cranium?

Back 6

they have ossification centers.

Front 7

a point of contact between two or more bones

Back 7

articulation

Front 8

what are the three functional classification of joints and their amount of movement?

Back 8

synarthroses (immovable),
amphiarthroses (partially movable),
diarthroses (freely movable)

Front 9

what is a fibrous joint?

Back 9

no synovial cavity and bones are joined by fibrous connective tissue

Front 10

does a fibrous joint have a joint cavity?

Back 10

no

Front 11

how much movement does the fibrous joints permit?

Back 11

partially to none

Front 12

where on the body would you find a sutural joint?

Back 12

skull

Front 13

cone-shaped peg that fits into a socket. roots of teeth held in by periodontal ligaments

Back 13

gomphosis

Front 14

what is the movement of a gomphosis?

Back 14

synarthrosis

Front 15

a fibrous joint in which there is more fibrous connective tissue and bones are not held together as tightly as a suture

Back 15

syndesmosis

Front 16

what is the movement of a syndesmosis?

Back 16

amphiarthrosis

Front 17

what is a catilaginous joint?

Back 17

no synovial cavity and had hones that are joined by catilage

Front 18

when that bones are connected by a broad, flatdisc of fibrocaritlage

Back 18

symphyses

Front 19

what are examples of a symphyses

Back 19

intervertebral joints

Front 20

the bony portions that are united by hyaline cartilage.

Back 20

synchondroses

Front 21

what is an example of a temporary synchondroses?

Back 21

epiphyseal plates

Front 22

what is an example of a permanent synchondroses?

Back 22

costal cartilage of the first rib with the sternum

Front 23

synovial joint: aritculating surfaces are flat or slightly curved, allowing sliding movements in one or two planes

Back 23

gliding joint

Front 24

synovial joint: the rounded process of one bone fits into the concave surface of another to allow movement in one plane

Back 24

hinge

Front 25

synovial joint: the rounded or conical surface of one bone articulates with a shallow depression or foramin in another bvone

Back 25

pivot

Front 26

synovial joint: the oval condyle of one bone fits into an elliposoidal depression in another bone

Back 26

condyloid joint

Front 27

synovial joint: articulating survaces are saddle-shapped

Back 27

saddle joint

Front 28

synovial joint: the ball-shapped head of one bone fits into a cuplike depression of another

Back 28

ball and socket joint

Front 29

what is an example of a gliding joint? hinge joint? pivot joint? condyloid joint? saddle joint? and ball and socket joint?

Back 29

gliding: intercarpal and intertarpal joints
hinge: elbow and interphalageal joints
pivot: joint between atlas and axis
condyloid: radiocarpals joints
saddle: between the thumb and trapezium
ball and socket: shoulder and hip joints

Front 30

what are the two joints that are uniaxial? and what is the movement allowed?

Back 30

hinge (flexion and extension)
pivot

Front 31

what are the two joints that are biaxial?

Back 31

condyloid and saddle

Front 32

what joint is multiaxial?

Back 32

ball and socket

Front 33

the ligament reinforcing a joint are damaged by excessive stretching or are torn away from the bony attachment

Back 33

sprian

Front 34

occurs when bones are forced out of their normal position in the joint cavity

Back 34

dislocation

Front 35

the skeletal muscle is composed of relatively large, long cylindrical cells

Back 35

fibers

Front 36

the nuclei of mucles cells are pushed peripherally by the longitudinally arranged____ which nearly fill the sarcoplasm

Back 36

myofibrils

Front 37

myofibrils are made up of even smaller threadlike structures called _____.

Back 37

myofilaments

Front 38

protein found in the thin myofilament

Back 38

actin

Front 39

protein found in the thick myofilament

Back 39

myosin

Front 40

the actual contractile untis of muscle that ecxtend from the middle of one I band to the middle of the next alond the length of the myofibrils

Back 40

sacromeres

Front 41

regions where the SR terminal cisternae abut a T tubule on each side are called ____.

Back 41

triads

Front 42

what is contained in the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Back 42

transverse tubules inside the terminal cisternae

Front 43

surrounds the whole muscle

Back 43

epimysium

Front 44

separates muscle into bundles of muscle fibers called ____>

Back 44

perimusium; fascicles

Front 45

covers individual fibers

Back 45

endomysium

Front 46

when connective tissue fomr a broad, flat layer, the tendon is called a _____

Back 46

aponeurosis

Front 47

what is the origin and insertion of a muscle?

Back 47

origin: fixed/immovable attachment
insertion: moveable attachment

Front 48

a neuron and all the muscle cells it stimulates make up the functional structure

Back 48

motor unit

Front 49

the junction between a nerve fiber and a muscle cell

Back 49

neuromuscular junction

Front 50

muscles that are primarily responsible for producing a particular movement

Back 50

prime movers

Front 51

muscles that oppoe or reverse a movement

Back 51

antagonists

Front 52

aid the action of prime movers by reducing undesirable or unnecessary movement

Back 52

synergists

Front 53

specialized synergists the immobilize the origin of a prime mover so that all the tension is exerted at the intersection

Back 53

fixators

Front 54

the progressive activation of a muscle by successive recruitment of contractile units to accomplish increasing gradations of contractile strength.

Back 54

mulitple motor unit summation

Front 55

when a muscle first contracts, the force it is able to produce is less than the force it is able to produce in subsequent contractions within a relatively narrow time span

Back 55

treppe

Front 56

an extreme form of wave summation that resluts in a steady, sustained contraction of a muscle

Back 56

tetanus

Front 57

the condition in which muscle length does not change regardless of the anoumt of force generated by the muscle

Back 57

isometric contraction

Front 58

contration when the muscle length changes, but the force produced stays the same

Back 58

isotonic contraction