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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Two types of bone tissue |
Compact and spongy |
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Compact bone tissue |
Dense with a smooth appearance. Made up of osteons. |
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Spongy bone tissue |
Small thin pieces of bone with lots of open space |
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4 Bones of the axial skeleton |
skull, sternum, ribs, invertebrae |
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Bones of the appendicular skeleton |
Clavicle, scapula, humerus, ulna&radius, pelvis femur, tibia&fibia, tarsals&carpals, metacarpals&metatarsals, phalanges |
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4 main types of bone |
Long bones, flat bones, irregular bones, short bones |
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Long bone |
Longer than wide. Shaft with head at both ends. Mostly compact bone. e.g femur, humerus, ulna, radius, fibula, tibia |
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Short bones |
Cube-shaped. Mostly spongy bone. e.g carpals, tarsals |
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Flat bone |
Thin and flattened. Usually curved. Thin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone. e.g skull, ribs, sternum |
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Irregular bone |
Do not fit into other bone classifications. e.g vertebra, pelvis |
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Main areas of a long bone |
Diaphysis, epiphysis |
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Diaphysis |
Shaft composed of compact bone |
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Epiphysis |
Ends of the bone made of mostly spongy bone |
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Medullary cavity |
Cavity of bone shaft. Contains yellow marrow in adults and red marrow in infants |
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Endosteum |
Delicate membrane covering internal surfaces of bone |
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Periosteum |
Fibrous connective tissue membrane on outside of diaphysis. Inner osteogenetic layer is composed of osteoblasts and osteoclasts |
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Articular cartilage |
Covers epiphysis, made of hyaline cartilage to decrease friction and joint surfaces |
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Epiphyseal plate |
Growth plate. Flat plate of hyaline cartilage that permits lengthwise growth of bone. Ossifies after puberty. |
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Osteoblasts |
Cells that build new bone |
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Osteoclasts |
Cells that break down bone |
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Remodelling |
Allows bones to be strong where needed and to heal after breaking |
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Fibrous joints |
Fibrous connective tissue. No joint cavity. Limited movement |
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Cartilaginous joints |
Hyaline cartilage. No joint cavity. Limited movement |
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Synovial joints |
Articular cartilage coverss ends of bones. Articular capsule for protection and support. Joint cavity filled with synovial fluid. Ligaments reinforce joint. |
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Types of synovial joints |
Plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball and socket |
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Plane joint |
Carpals |
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Hinge joint |
Linking humerus and ulna |
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Pivot joint |
Linking ulna and radius |
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Condyloid joint |
Linking metacarpal and phalanges |
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Saddle joint |
Linking carpal and metacarpal |
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Ball and socket joint |
Linking head of humerus and scapula |
