Structure

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a stable assembly of structural elements design and constructed to function as a whole in supporting and transmitting applied loads saftely to the ground without exceeding the allowable stresses in the members

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structure

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a structural member having a length that dominates aother two dimensions

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linear structure

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structural member having a length and width that dominates its thickness

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surface structure

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Pertaining to a structure or structural member having a shape that does not change appreciably under the action of an applied loads or charging loads

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rigid

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A structure or structural member that redirects external forces primarily through the bulk and continuity of each material ,such as a beam or column

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Bulk active structure

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Structure that redirects external forces primarily through the composition of tension and compression members such as truss

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Vector active structure

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Structure that redirects external forces primarily along the continuity of a surface,such as a plate or shell

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Surface active structure

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Pertaining to a structure or structural member characterized by a lack of stiffness and having a shaped that responds to changes in loading

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Flexible

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A structure or structural member that redirects the external forces primarily through the form of its material, such an arch or cable

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Form active structure

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Contraction of tension intergrity ,term attributed to buckminster fuller ,describing a structure whose stability is based on a balance between tensile and compressived forces

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Tensegrity

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A closed skeletal structure system composed of a set of three or more discontinuous compressive strut within a network of tensile tendons ,no structural member experience bending

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Tensegrity structure

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One of the constituent parts into which a structure may be resolve by analysis ,having a unitary character and exhibiting a unique behavior under an applied load

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Structural member

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A structural member subject primarily to compressive forces

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Compression member

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Structural member designed primarily to resist longitudinal compression

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Strut

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A structural member subject primarily to tensile forces

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Tension member

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A tension member designed to keep two structural members from spreading or separating

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Tie

Front 17

A structural member subject primarily to transverse forces

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Bending member

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Pertaining to a structure or structural member having a load carrying mechanism that acts in one direction only

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One way

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Pertaining to a structure or structural member having a load carrying mechanism that acts in two direction only

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Two way

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A discrete structure or assembly of structural members forming a spatial volume

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Structural unit

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A major spatial dision ,usually mark or partition off by the principal vertical supports of a structure

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Bay

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A grid defining the principal point or lines of support for a structural system

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Structural grid

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A structural grid having irregularly repeating bays in two directions

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Regular grid

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A structural pattern consisting of two grids offset from each other and creating interstitial spaces between the bays

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Double grid

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Forming an intervening space

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Interstitial

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A structure or structural member that redirects external forces primarily through the bulk and continuity of each material ,such as a beam or column

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Bulk active structure

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Structure that redirects external forces primarily through the composition of tension and compression members such as truss

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Vector active structure

Front 28

Structure that redirects external forces primarily along the continuity of a surface,such as a plate or shell

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Surface active structure

Front 29

Pertaining to a structure or structural member characterized by a lack of stiffness and having a shaped that responds to changes in loading

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Flexible

Front 30

A structure or structural member that redirects the external forces primarily through the form of its material, such an arch or cable

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Form active structure

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Contraction of tension intergrity ,term attributed to buckminster fuller ,describing a structure whose stability is based on a balance between tensile and compressived forces

Back 31

Tensegrity

Front 32

A closed skeletal structure system composed of a set of three or more discontinuous compressive strut within a network of tensile tendons ,no structural member experience bending

Back 32

Tensegrity structure

Front 33

One of the constituent parts into which a structure may be resolve by analysis ,having a unitary character and exhibiting a unique behavior under an applied load

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Structural member

Front 34

A structural member subject primarily to compressive forces

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Compression member

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Structural member designed primarily to resist longitudinal compression

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Strut

Front 36

A structural member subject primarily to tensile forces

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Tension member

Front 37

A tension member designed to keep two structural members from spreading or separating

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Tie

Front 38

A structural member subject primarily to transverse forces

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Bending member

Front 39

Pertaining to a structure or structural member having a load carrying mechanism that acts in one direction only

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One way

Front 40

Pertaining to a structure or structural member having a load carrying mechanism that acts in two direction only

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Two way

Front 41

A discrete structure or assembly of structural members forming a spatial volume

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Structural unit

Front 42

A major spatial dision ,usually mark or partition off by the principal vertical supports of a structure

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Bay

Front 43

A grid defining the principal point or lines of support for a structural system

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Structural grid

Front 44

A structural grid having irregularly repeating bays in two directions

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Regular grid

Front 45

A structural pattern consisting of two grids offset from each other and creating interstitial spaces between the bays

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Double grid

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Forming an intervening space

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Interstitial

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structural grid points or lines of support space uniformly in one direction with varying in the other

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slipped grid

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Arrangement of principle vertical supports for structure which influence this election of inappropriate spanning system and establish the possibilities for the ordering of spaces and functions

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structural pattern

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Structure medlating between two or more different structural patterns

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Transition structure

Front 50

structural grid having irregularly shaped bays in one or more directions

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irregular grid

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Process of arranging interconnecting, sizing and proportioning the members of a structural system in order to safely carry a given set of lunch without exceeding the allowable stresses of the material employed

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structural design

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Process of modeling how A structure collects , channels in redirect the loads resulting from external forces through the hierarchy of its members to the foundation and underlying soil . The analysis is usually starts at the roof level with the smallest members actually picking up the loading iand proceeds by tracing the loads through which collecting numbers. The reaction of each member to its loading becomes forces when the member supporting it. also, load flow

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load trace

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The portion of a structure to contributing to the load on the structural element or member. Also called contributory area

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Tributary area

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Channeling into something more inclusive

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Tributary

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Tributary area for unit length of a supporting structural member

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Load strip

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Load on a structural element or member collected from a tributary area

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tributary load

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structural member essential to the stability of a structural whole. Also called main member

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Primary member

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Structural member supported by a primary member

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Secondary member

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Structural member supported by secondary member

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tertiary member

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point ,surface or mass that supports with specially the area of contact between a bearing member such as a beam or truss in a column, wall, or other underlying support

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Bearing

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Stress developed between the bearing member and an underlying support, equal to the quotient of the magnitude of the force is transmitted in the area of contact between the two elements

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Bearing stress

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Conditions such as fracturing, buckling or plastic deformation that renders a structural assembly , element or join in capable of sustaining the load carrying function for which it was designed

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Structural failure

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The manner in which a structural member is supported in connected to the other members , affecting the nature ofbthe reactive forces developed on theloaded member

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Support condition

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Point on a structural member at which its reaction to a load is transmitted as a force to a supporting member

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Point of support

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The structural member permitted to rotate freely about the point of support

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unrestrained member

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Structural support that allow rotation with pleases translation in a direction perpendicular into or away from its face. Also called roll a joint

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Roller support

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cable Anchorage that allows rotation but rasist translation only in the direction of the cable

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Cable support

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Structural Connection that allows rotation but resist translation in any direction. Also called hinge joint, pinned connection

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pin point

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Slender rod driven through holes in parts to keep the parts together or to permit them to move in one plane relative to each other

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pin

Front 70

Structural connection that maintains the angular relationship between the joint elements, restrain rotation and translation in any direction and provide both force in moment resistance. Also called fixed connection, fixed joint, rigid connection

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rigid joint

Front 71

rigid joint connecting the end of a structural member to a support

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fixed end connection

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Means of binding a structural member to another or two its foundation of interest is uplifting and horizontal forces

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Anchorage

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The ability of the structure of resist lateral forces without sliding ,overturning ,buckling,or collapsing

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Lateral stability

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The restraining and distortion of a structural frame by lateral forces

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Racking

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A structural frame of a linear members that made rigid by a system of diagonal members

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Brace frame

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A relative thin ,rigid structural member capable of withstanding shear when loaded in a direction parallel to its plane

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Diaphragm

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The ability of a structure, when distributed from a condition of equilibrium by a applied loads,to develop internal forces or moments that restores the original condition

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Stability

Front 78

An unusable configuration of structural members susceptible to falling or breaking down under an applied load without a change in length of. Any individual member

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Collapse mechanism

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Stabilizing a structural system against lateral forces by means of diagonal or cross bracing

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Lateral bracing

Front 80

A structural element for positioning ,supporting ,strengthening or restraining the member of a structural frame

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Brace

Front 81

System of inclined members for bracing the angles between the members of a structural frame and ensuring the lateral stability of the whole

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Diagonal bracing

Front 82

diagonal member for bracing a structure against lateral forces

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Sway brace

Front 83

A pair of transverse braces for stabilizing is structural frame against lateral forces. when using cables, two are necessary to stabilize the structure against lateral forces from either direction, for each direction one cable will operate effectively intention while the other would simply buckle.if rigid braces are used, a certain degree of redundancy is involved since a single member is capable of stabilizing the structure. Also called X bracing

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cross bracing

Front 84

pair of diagonal braces for stabilizing is structural frame against lateral forces meeting at some point along the length of a member of a friend

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K bracing

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Diagonal member for breathing the angle between two joined member being joined to each partway along its length

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knee braces

Front 86

Rigid floor or roof plane acting as a thin, get been translating battle forces to vertical shear wall brace frames, or rigid frame

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Horizontal diagram

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Vertical diagram acting as a thin ,deep cantilever beam in transferring lateral loads to the ground foundation

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shear wall

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Structural system characterized by the symmetrical configuration of a mass and lateral force resisting elements having no significant discontinuities of stiffness or spring are you the effect of lateral forces on regular tractors may be determined by static methods

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Regular structure

Front 89

Structural system for assisting lateral forces combining the ductility of a moment resisting frame with the rigid of a shear wall

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Dual system

Front 90

Structural system consisting of vertical cleaner element for supporting the gravity loads and shear walls for bracing frame for resisting the lateralc forces

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Bearing wall system

Front 91

Structural system consisting of three dimensional array interconnected linger members that function as a complete self-contained unit in supporting gravity loads and shear walls or brace frame for resisting lateral forces

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frames system

Front 92

frame system designed to resist lateral forces primarily by flexures in the member and joints

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Moment resisting frame

Front 93

Structural system for assisting lateral forces combining the ductility of a moment resisting frame with the rigidity of a brace frame

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Eccentric bracing

Front 94

Structure system characterized by any of various plan or vertical irregularities such a strong or weak story, a discontinuous shear wall or diaphragm or the asymmetrical layout of mass or lateral forces resisting elements

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Irregular structure

Front 95

Centroid of the vertical alignment or lateral forces resisting system through which the shear reaction of of lateral forces act .also called center of rigidity

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Center of resistance

Front 96

Symmetrical layout of mass or lateral force resisting elements resulting in an coincident centers of mass and assistance in closing the story drift at one end of the structure to be more than the average of the story drift at both ends

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Torsional regularity

Front 97

plan configuration of a structure and its lateral force resisting system having projection beyond the corner significantly greater than the plan dimension in the given direction .

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reentrant corner

Front 98

tends to produce the range of motion between give your portion of a structure resulting in local stress concentration at the corner. Solutions include providing a siesmic joint to separate the building into simpler shape ,tying the building together more strongly at the corner ,or splaying the corner

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reentrant corner

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Join the physically separate two adjacent building masses so that Free vibratory movement in each can occur independently of the other

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seismic joint

Front 100

horizontal diagram having a large cat out or open area or a stiffness significantly less then that the story above or below

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Discontinuous diaphragm

Front 101

Structural system having lateral force greasy spoon element is there parallel nor symmetrical about the major ortogonal axes of the system

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Non parallel system

Front 102

Story having lateral stiffness significantly less than that of the stories above

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Soft story

Front 103

Story having lateral strength significantly less than that the story above

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weak story

Front 104

Story having an effective must significantly greater than that of an adjacent story

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Irregular mass

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shear wall having a large offset or significant change in horizontal dimension

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Discontinuous shear wall

Front 106

tube structure having parameter shear walls with less than 30% of the surface are perpetrated by openings

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Perforated shell tube

Front 107

tube structure having closely spaced perimeter columns rigidity connected by deep spandrel beams

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framed tube

Front 108

frame tube structure tied together by a system of diagonal braces

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brace tube

Front 109

brace tube structure having trusses wall frames of widely spaced column tied together by diagonal or crossing bracing

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trusses tube

Front 110

brace tube structure having perimeter frame of closely spaced diagonal with no vertical columns

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latticed truss tube

Front 111

Assembly of narrow tubes by directly to each other to form a modular structure that behaves like a multicellular box girder cantilevering out of the ground. More tubes are sometimes provided in the lower portion of a tail structure ware greater lateral force resistance is needed

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Bundle tubes

Front 112

Tube structure having an inner brace to added to the perimeter tube to improve it shear stiffness in resisting lateral forces

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tube in tube structure

Front 113

Interior Service core brace to provide additional expenses in resisting lateral forces

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Brace core

Front 114

damping of Naturally of course as a building undergoes elastic or plastic deformation such as from the internal friction of the stress material the friction between two parts(frictional damping )or from the vicous resistance of a fluid such as air (viscous damping )

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Internal damping

Front 115

Shaping of a tall building to create turbulance which generates crosswind lift to oppose crosswind deflections during high winds

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aerodynamic dampling

Front 116

irregular motion of the atmosphere characterized by up and down currents

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turbulence

Front 117

Higher rise structure having perimeter lateral for resisting system internally brace rigid floor diagrams. acts as acantilevered box beam in resisting lateral forces

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Tube structure

Front 118

To cause a decrease in amplitude of successive or oscillations or waves

Back 118

damp

Front 119

Any of various viscoelastic device typically installed at structural joint to absorb the energy generated by wind or earthquake forces progressively diminished or eliminate vibratory or oscillatory motion and prevent destructive resonance from occurring

Back 119

Dumping mechanism

Front 120

Heavy mass mounted on rollers and suspended with cables in attached to the upper portion of a tall building with the spring dumping mechanism , having an intertial tendency to remain at rest in thus counteracting dissicipating any building movements

Back 120

Tuned mass damper

Front 121

isolating the base of a building from ground with dumping mechanism to allow the superstructure to float as a rigid body and alter the natural period of vibration to the structure so that it is different from that of the ground thus preventing destructive resonance from occurring

Back 121

Base isolation

Front 122

Highrise structure that resists lateral loads primarily through lateral force resisting element located within the interior of the structure such as a rigid frame structure of a steel or concrete or a structured brace by a core consisting of brace frame, moment frame or shear wall constructed in the closed thing that acts as a structural tube

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Interior structure

Front 123

high rise structure that resists lateral loads primarily through lateral force resisting element located along the perimeter of the structure

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Exterior structure

Front 124

Highrise doctor. Utilized mega columns which comprise the cords of oversize break screen at the building corner link by multistory process at 15 to 20 story intervals. Also called superframe structure

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Megafame structure

Front 125

modified brace tube structure consisting of a stack triangulated prism containing diagonal that are connect the exterior and interior frame ,space truss structures are capable of resisting both lateral and vertical loads

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Space truss

Front 126

Contraction for diagonal + grid: the exterior lattice like framework off a building created by crisscrossing diagonal members

Back 126

diagrid