Stress And Wellbeing

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Stress

Back 1

-The physiological responses of the individual to a stressor

-A physiological response by an organism to an uncomfortable or unfamiliar physical or psychological stimulus. Biological changes result from stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, including heightened states of alertness, anxiety, increased heart rates, and sweating

-An imbalance between the perceived demands and our perceived ability to cope (our resources)

-A state of feeling wound-up tense and worried

Front 2

Immune System

Back 2

-Protects the body from any foreign materials that may enter it.

-Identifies and eliminates foreign materials, called antigens, in the body.

Front 3

Macrophages

Back 3

Considered to be one of the body's first line of defense.

Front 4

Lymphocytes

Back 4

Consist of two groups of, B cells and T cells.

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B Cell

Back 5

-Produce highly specific molecules called immunoglobulins that act as antibodies which combine with the antigens are neutralised.

-Your immune system then "remembers" this antigen and prevents you from coming down with the full disease when you are exposed to it.

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T Cell

Back 6

-Second Group of lymphocytes operates in the cellular branch of the immune system.

-Produce antibodies

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Killer T Cells

Back 7

Directly destroy viral infections and cancerous processes.

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Memory T Cells

Back 8

Are created to speed future responses to the same antigen.

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Helper T Cells

Back 9

Enhance the immune system response by signalling B cells.

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Suppressor T Cells

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Suppress the production of antibodies when B cells are not needed.

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General Adaption Syndrome

Back 11

Hans Selye theorized that the body goes through several stages in response to sustained stress. The first phase is a type of alarm response to immediate danger or threat. With continuing stress, we seem to pass into a stage of resistance, in which we mobilize various coping mechanisms to respond to the stress. Finally, if the stress is too intense or last too long, we may enter exhaustion, in which our bodies suffer permanent damage or death.

Phase 1-Alarm response

Phase 2-Resistence

Phase 3-Exhaustion

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Stress Physiology - HPA Axis

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-SNS activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical.

-CRH-Corticotrophin releasing hormone stimulates adrenocortical axis.

-ACTH-Adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulates Adrenal glands.

-Cortisol (stress hormone, HPA response mediator via hippocampus)

Front 13

Behavioral Medicine

Back 13

A study of knowledge derived from behavioural science is applied to prevention, Diagnoses and treatment.

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Health Psychology

Back 14

A study not interdisciplinary, and it is usually considered a subfield of behavioral medicine.

Front 15

Stress

Back 15

The physiological response of the individual stressor.

Front 16

Self-efficacy

Back 16

Psychological factors that help us cope with stress, sense of control and confidence that we can cope with stress or challenges.

Front 17

Immune System

Back 17

Protects the body from any foreign materials that may enter.

Front 18

Antigens

Back 18

Foreign materials eliminated by the immune system.

Front 19

Autoimmune disease

Back 19

When the immune system is over-reactive with too many T cells may attack the bodies normal cells rather than antigens.

Front 20

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)

Back 20

Objects of study are psychologically influenced on the neurological responding implicated in our immune system.

Front 21

AIDS- Related complex (ARC)

Back 21

Once a person is infected with HIV, the course of the disease is quite variable. Patients show symptoms over time like weight loss, fever, night sweats.

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Cancer

Back 22

Disease subject to psychosocial influences.

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Psychoncology

Back 23

A field of study in the influence of psychosocial impact.

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Cardiovascular Disease

Back 24

Involves the cardiovascular system which is heart, blood vessels, and complex control mechanisms for example strokes, cerebral vascular accidents

Front 25

Hypertension

Back 25

High blood pressure which is a major risk of strokes, and heart disease.

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Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

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Blockage of the arteries supplying blood to the heart muscle.

Front 27

Type A Behaviour Pattern

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Excessive competitive drive, a sense of always being pressured for time, impatience, incredible amounts of energy that may show accelerated speech and motor activity and angry outburst.

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Type B Behaviour Pattern

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Does not show traits of Type A.

Front 29

Acute Pain

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Typically follows an injury and disappears once the injury heals or is effectively treated, often within a time frame.

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Chronic Pain

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May begin as an active acute pain but does not decrease over time.

Front 31

Endogenous Opioids

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Natural opioids that exist in the body like endorphins or enkephalins, they act much like neurotransmitters.

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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

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Patients suffer from lack of energy and marked fatigue.

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Biofeedback

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A process of making patients aware of specific physiological functions that, ordinarily, they would not notice.

Front 34

Relaxation Response

Back 34

Person silently repeats a mantra to minimize distraction by closing the mind to intruding thoughts.