Streptococcus Flashcards (Mostly Repiratory)

Front 1

5 human pathogenic species of Strep.

Back 1

Strep A (pyogenes), Strep B (agalactiae), Strep D (faecalis, fecium, bovis, equines), Strep pneumoniae

Front 2

Stain for Strep

Back 2

Gram positive

Front 3

Strep morphology

Back 3

Spherical cocci in Strips/Chains or paired (diplococci)

Front 4

Strep that completely lyses RBCs

Back 4

Beta-hemolytic

Front 5

Are most beta-hemolytic Strep bacitracin resistant? Yes or No What is the exception?

Back 5

Yes, S. pyogenes (bacitracin inhibits growth)

Front 6

Result of Strep catalase test

Back 6

Catalase negative

Front 7

Strep that leaves a greenish discouration of the culture medium surrounding the colony; indicating only partial lysing of RBCs

Back 7

Alpha-hemolytic

Front 8

Classification of bacerteria that is non-hemolytic

Back 8

Gamma-hemolytic

Front 9

Antigens found on C carbohydrate of the cell wall

Back 9

Lancefield antigens

Front 10

Major virulence factor of S. pyogenes that inhibits the activation of complement and protects it from phagocytosis by aiding in adherence to epithelial cells

Back 10

M protein

Front 11

S. pyogenes virulence factor that binds fibronectin and is important for adherence

Back 11

Protein F

Front 12

S. pyogenes virulence factor that binds Fc portion of antibodies, which may lead to a covering of antibodies on the bacterial surface facing outward (the “wrong way”) interfering with host diction and completment activation

Back 12

Protein G

Front 13

Most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis

Back 13

S. pyogenes

Front 14

Superantigen causing TSS-like syndrome

Back 14

Exotoxin A

Front 15

Pore forming proteins that lyse host cells

Back 15

Hemolysins

Front 16

Oxygen labile(sensitive) hemolysin

Back 16

Streptolysin O

Front 17

Oxygen stable hemolysin

Back 17

Streptolysin S

Front 18

Responsible for beta-hemolysis

Back 18

Streptolysin O and Streptolysin S

Front 19

Protein that is the basis for ASO titer testing for recent strep infection

Back 19

Streptolysin O

Front 20

Superantigens that can cause scarlet fever

Back 20

Pyrogenic exotoxins

Front 21

Lyses fibrin blood clots, can be used in treatment of myocardial infarctions

Back 21

Streptokinase

Front 22

Degrades C5a

Back 22

C5a peptidase

Front 23

Hydrolyzes the ground substance of connective tissue

Back 23

Hyaluronidase

Front 24

Depolymerizes DNA in necrotic tissue

Back 24

Streptodornase

Front 25

S. pyogenes transmission

Back 25

Direct mucosal contact, large droplets produced by coughing, sneezing, or conversation. (Asymptomatic carrier rate <5%)

Front 26

S. pyogenes diagnosis

Back 26

Gram + cocci pairs/chain, catalase (-), beta-hemolytic, culture: bacitracin sensitive

Front 27

S. pyogenes treatment

Back 27

Penicillin

Front 28

T or F: There is a viable vaccine for S. pyogenes

Back 28

FALSE

Front 29

Another name for Group A Streptococcus

Back 29

S. pyogenes

Front 30

T or F: On the basis of symptoms, pharyngitis caused by S. pyogenes can be distinguished from pharyngitis caused by other organisms

Back 30

FALSE

Front 31

Caused by exotoxin A superantigen excreted by S. pyogenes. Clinical findings include shock, renal impairment, rash, repiratory failure, and diarrhea

Back 31

Toxic Shock-like Syndrome

Front 32

Rare group A streptococci infection of the endometrium at or near delivery

Back 32

Puerperal infection

Front 33

Drug that shuts down Strep metabolism and toxin production

Back 33

Penicillin G

Front 34

Characterized by strep throat with sandpaper rash; caused by pyrogenic exotoxin

Back 34

Scarlet Fever

Front 35

S. pyogenes skin infections

Back 35

Impetigo (localized skin disease, generally in children), Erysipelas (skin and subcutaneous tissue), Wound/Burn infections, Scarlet Fever

Front 36

Characterized by fever, carditis, subcutaneous nodules, migratory arthritis, rash, chorea.

Back 36

Rheumatic Fever

Front 37

Delayed antibody mediated diseases caused by S. pyogenes

Back 37

Rheumatic Fever and Acute Glomerulonephritis

Front 38

Can cause cardiac enlargement, valvular murmurs, effusions, and heart failure secondary to antibody mediated attack of the heart.

Back 38

Rheumatic Fever

Front 39

Follows untreated pharyngitis but not after skin infection or any other non-repiratory or non-Group A infections.

Back 39

Rheumatic Fever

Front 40

Autoimmune disease caused by antigenic similarities between streptococcal and human tissue antigens leading to cross reactivity

Back 40

Rheumatic Fever

Front 41

Patients can have recurrent episodes of ______ leading to progressive heart damage

Back 41

Rheumatic Fever

Front 42

History of this disease requires profilactic penicillin when undergoing predures known to cause transient bacteremia such as dental extraction.

Back 42

Rheumatic Fever

Front 43

Disease primarily associated with children, characterized by edema, hypertension, hematuria and proteinurea, and pathologically by diffuse proliferative lesions of the glomeruli.

Back 43

Acute Glomerulonephritis

Front 44

Disease mechanism includes deposition of antigen-antibody complexes on the .glomerular basement memberane with complement activation and consequent inflammation

Back 44

Acute Glomerulonephritis

Front 45

Disease may follow either skin or repiratory group A strep infections, and is only caused by nephritogenetic strains.

Back 45

Acute Glomerulonephritis

Front 46

Most common cause of community acquired bacterial pneumonia

Back 46

S. pneumoniae

Front 47

Gram (+), alpha-hemolytic streptococci, lancet-shaped cocci in pairs (diplococci)

Back 47

S. pneumoniae

Front 48

S. pneumoniae virulence factor that prevents phagocytosis and contains IgA proteases that cleave antibody

Back 48

Polysacchride Capsule

Front 49

Disease mechanism of this streptococcus involves no toxins and massive multiplication leading to inflammation

Back 49

S. pneumoniae

Front 50

S. pneumoniae transmission

Back 50

Normal flora of oropharynx

Front 51

S. pneumoniae diagnosis

Back 51

Gram + diplococci, Quelling reaction (capsular swelling), alpha hemolytic, culture (does not grow with presence of bile or optochin)

Front 52

S. pneumoniae treatment

Back 52

Penicillin G, erythromyocin

Front 53

Recommended vaccine for people over the age of 65

Back 53

S. pneumoniae vaccine

Front 54

Diseases associated with S. pneumoniae

Back 54

Pneumonia and Meningitis in adults, Otitis Media in children, Sepsis, Bronchitis, and Sinusitis among other URTIs.

Front 55

Main streptococci that cause URTIS

Back 55

S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, S.agalactiae, Enterococcus faecalis, S.bovis, Viridans group strep

Front 56

Of the 5 major human pathogenic streps, which 2 have no Lancefield antigen

Back 56

Virdans Group Strep and S. pneumoniae

Front 57

Babies acquire from mothers during delivery, causes neonatal meningitis, pneumonia and sepsis

Back 57

Group B Strep (S. agalactiae)

Front 58

Alpha-hemolytic group of strep that causes dental infections (S. mutans), subacute bacterial endocarditis, and absesses (S. inermedius)

Back 58

Viridans Group Strep

Front 59

Enterococcous faecalis, Enterococcous faecium, Streptococcous bovis, Streptococcus equinus

Back 59

Group D Streptococci (alpha-hemolytic)

Front 60

Associated with 50% of colon malignancies

Back 60

S. bovis (Group D strep non-enterococcal)

Front 61

Gram (+) bacteria that can cause pneumonia

Back 61

S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, TWAR strain of C. pneumoniae

Front 62

Gram (-) bacteria that can cause pneumonia

Back 62

Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella (encapsulated), Enterobacter, Serratia, Proteus/Morganella/Provedencia, Pseudomonas (CF), and Legionella pneumophila

Front 63

Characterized by acute onset, high fever, chills, productive cough, pleuritic chest pain, high WBCs, pulmonary infiltrates, and pulmonary consolidation on PE.

Back 63

Acute Pneumonia

Front 64

Causes of Acute Pneumonia (in order of importance)

Back 64

S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, Anerobic bacteria, Myobacterium TB

Front 65

Marked by gradual onset, low grade fever, non-productive cough, and normal WBCs

Back 65

Chronic/Atypical Pneumonia

Front 66

Causes of Chronic Pneumonia

Back 66

Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Coxiella burnetti (Q fever), TWAR strain of C. pneumoniae, Chlamydia psittaci, Viral and Fungal

Front 67

Hospital-acquired pneumonia

Back 67

Klebsiella/Enterobacter/Serratia, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acintobacter, Anaerobic bacteria

Front 68

Common Lower Respiratory Pathogens in Neonates

Back 68

E. coli, S. agalactiae

Front 69

Common Lower Respiratory Pathogens in Infants

Back 69

Chlamydia, RSV

Front 70

Common Lower Respiratory Pathogens in Children

Back 70

Viruses

Front 71

Common Lower Respiratory Pathogens in Teens/Young Adults

Back 71

Mycoplasma, S. pneumoniae, B. pertussis

Front 72

Common Lower Respiratory Pathogens in Adults

Back 72

S. pneumoniae, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Viruses

Front 73

Common Lower Respiratory Pathogens in the Elderly

Back 73

E. coli, Klebsiella, S. aureus, Legionella, H. influenzae type B

Front 74

Common Lower Respiratory Pathogens in HIV+/AIDS patients

Back 74

S. pneumoniae, C. neofomans, Pneumocystis jiroveci (P. carinii)

Front 75

Common Lower Respiratory Pathogens in Organ Transplant patients

Back 75

CMV

Front 76

Common Lower Respiratory Pathogens in patients on chemotherapeutic or immunosuppressant drugs

Back 76

Aspergillus, other fungi