Streptococci (Dugan)

Front 1

Rheumatic fever is associated with a ____________ infection of ____________.

Back 1

Pharyngeal, S. pyogenes

Front 2

Glomerular nephritis is associated with a ______________ of ______________.

Back 2

Skin infection/cellulitis, S. pyogenes

Front 3

Streptococci are Gram _ cocci in ________.

Back 3

Positive, chains.

Front 4

Streptococci are ___________ negative and ___________ sugars, which produces _____________ and therefore lowers __.

Back 4

Catalase, ferment, lactic acid, pH

Front 5

Streptococci require enrichment with _________ to support growth.

Back 5

Blood

Front 6

Preliminary grouping of streptococci is based upon _________ of _________.

Back 6

Hemolysis, 5% sheep blood

Front 7

S. pyogenes is ____ hemolytic and in Lancefield group _. It is also _______ susceptible.

Back 7

Beta, A, Bacitracin

Front 8

S. pneumonia is ___ hemolytic and has a positive __________ test. It is also ________ susceptible.

Back 8

Alpha, Quelling.

Front 9

S. faecalis is ___ hemolytic and is in Lancefield group _. It is also _________ positive.

Back 9

Gamma(alpha), D, bile esculin.

Front 10

S. pyogenes is a group __ strep.

Back 10

A

Front 11

Virulence factors of S. pyogenes include __________ (hyaluronic acid), fibrils that consist of ___________ (80 serotypes) and _____________, a ___________ layer, and _ and _ proteins.

Back 11

Caspule, M-Protein, lipteichoic acid, peptidoglycan, T, R

Front 12

____________ allows S. pyogenes to invade tissues.

Back 12

Hyaluronidase

Front 13

___________ are hemolysins such as _____________, which oxygen labile and antigenic, and ___________, which is oxygen stabile and nonantigenic.

Back 13

Streptolysins, Streptolysin O, Streptolysin S.

Front 14

Group ___ strep is highly adapted to resist phagocytosis, so it _______ through the tissues.

Back 14

A, spreads

Front 15

Streptococcus elicits a strong _________ response, which causes the release of _________ for WBCs, activates __________ by the alternate pathway, and resists ______________ and kills many of the invading cells.

Back 15

Inflammatory, chemotaxins, complement, phagocytosis

Front 16

The lysis of ___ caused by streptococcus releases ___________ enzymes, which damage the surrounding _________.

Back 16

WBCs, lysosomal, tissue

Front 17

Localized infections of S. progenies causes _________ (sore throat), __________ and _________.

Back 17

Pharyngitis, scarlet fever, impetigo

Front 18

Invasive infections of S. pyogenes causes the following five infections:

Back 18

Wounds, erysipelas, cellulitis, peurperal fever, endocarditis

Front 19

Postinfection diseases caused by S. pyogenes include __________ and ____________.

Back 19

Rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis

Front 20

In scarlet fever, an ___ toxin produced by _______ Grp A streptococci causes _________.

Back 20

Erythrogenic, lysogenic, rash.

Front 21

The DOC against S. pyogenes is _________

Back 21

Penicillin G (long acting or 10 day oral)

Front 22

Group _ strep infects neonates and causes ________, __________ and __________. This species is called streptococcus _______________.

Back 22

B, septicemia, meningitis, pneumonia, agalatciae.

Front 23

S. agalacticae is ___ heymolytic and in Lancefield group __ Laboratory tests reveal that is is __________ positive.

Back 23

Beta, B, hippurate hydrolysis

Front 24

Group _ strep causes urinary tract infection, wounds and sepsis. The species is called _____________ (streptococcus) ___________.

Back 24

D, Enterococcus(streptococcus) faecalis.

Front 25

___________ strep or alpha strep causes subacute ____________ and __________ (Streptococcus mutans)

Back 25

Viridans, endocarditis, dental caries.

Front 26

S. pneumoniae causes ________, ________ and _________.

Back 26

Pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis

Front 27

An inch wide streak of red associated with S. pyogenes is called ____________.

Back 27

Lymphangitis

Front 28

S. pyogenes mixed with S. aureus can result in ____________, the most common form of which being ___________.

Back 28

Impetigo, non-bullous

Front 29

Impetigo lesions begin as _______ that progress to ________ surrounded by ________. These pustules break open to form thick, adherent crusts with a characteristic ______ appearance over the course of _________.

Back 29

Papules, vesicles, erythema, golden, 1 week.

Front 30

Lesions of impetigo usually involve the _____ and ________. Multiple lesions develop but tend to remain __________. Regional _______ may occur, but systemic symptoms are usually ___________.

Back 30

Face, extremities, localized, lymphadenitis, absent.

Front 31

Erysipelas is typically caused by _________.

Back 31

S. pyogenes

Front 32

Ecthyma is typically caused by ________.

Back 32

S. pyogenes.

Front 33

Erysipelas, impetigo and folliculitis infections occur in the ___________.

Back 33

Epidermis

Front 34

Ecthyma, furunculosis and carbunculosis occur in the __________.

Back 34

Dermis

Front 35

Necrotizing fascitis occurs in the ___________.

Back 35

Subcutaneous tissue

Front 36

Myonecrosis occurs in the

Back 36

Muscle

Front 37

___________________ is motile with polar flagella, oxidase positive (obligate anaerobe), grows at 42 degrees Celsius, and produces colonies with a fruity odor. Their colonies are also usually __________.

Back 37

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, pigmented

Front 38

P. aeruginosa is covered in a _____________________, which makes a slime layer biofilm that resists killing by antibiotics. It also produces an __________(lipopolysaccharide) and many extracellular enzymes.

Back 38

Polysaccharide capsule, endotoxin.

Front 39

_______________, produced by P. aeruginosa, causes _______ of elongation factor 2, which inhibits __________. This ultimately results in ______ formation with tissue ________.

Back 39

Exotoxin A, ADP-ribosylation, protein synthesis, eschar, necrosis.

Front 40

P. aeruginosa infects patients who are ____________ or those with compromised _______ __________.

Back 40

Immunocompromised, physical barriers.

Front 41

Serious infections with P. aeruginosa require treatment with __________+___________ or ___________ by IV

Back 41

Aminoglycoside + Piperacillin, ticarcillin

Front 42

P. aeruginosa is a gram _____ ________________

Back 42

Negative nonfermenter

Front 43

Oxidase negative (aerobic), nonfermentative, nonmotile, short Gram negative rods.

Back 43

Acinobacter

Front 44

Acenobacter ___________ and __________ account for >90% of reported cases.

Back 44

Baumanii, calcoaceticus