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100 Cards in this Set
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Culture of Streptococci |
Blood Agar Plate |
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Description of Streptococci |
Grayish Pinpoint Mucoid Colonies Non-motile |
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Notorious pathogens of Streptococci |
S. pyogenes S. pneumoniae |
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Family of Streptococci |
Streptococcacceae |
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Alpha hemolytic species
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S. pneumoniae
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Beta hemolytic Species |
S. pyogenes S. agalactiae |
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Gamma hemolytic species |
Enterococci |
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Develop lancefield classification |
Rebecca Lancefield |
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It is not considered part of the normal flora but pathogenic to man |
Group A Streptococci |
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How does Group A Streptococci transmitted? |
Contaminated droplets by cough or sneeze |
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It is resistant to drying and can be recovered from swabs after several hours of collection
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Group A Streptococci
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Fever producing, flesh-eating and pus producing bacteria |
Streptococcus pyogenes |
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Description of Streptococcus pyogenes |
Small Translucent Smooth Well-defined Beta hemolysis |
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Principle virulence factor of Group A Streptococci |
M-protein |
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Enzymes and toxins produces by Streptococcus pyogenes |
Hemolysin Deoxyribonucleases Streptokinase Hyaluronidase Pyrogenic Toxins (Super Antigens) |
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It is responsible for the subsurface hemolysis on BAP |
Streptolysin O |
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It causes lysis of WBC, platelets, tissue celss and it induces antibody response |
Streptolysin O |
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Description of Streptolysin O |
Oxygen labile Highly antigenic |
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Description of Streptolysin S |
Oxygen Stable Non antigenic |
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It is responsible for surface hemolysis on BAP |
Streptolysin S |
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It solubilizes the ground substance of mammalian tissue |
Hyaluronidase |
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6 Infections and diseases of Streptococci pyogenes
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Pharyngitis/ Tonsilitis
Scarlet Fever Skin infections Rheumatic Fever Acute glomerulonephritis or Bright's disease Streptococcal TSS |
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A punctuate exathem overlying diffuse erythema and appears initially on the neck and upper chest |
Scarlet Fever |
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Cardinal signs of scarlet fever |
1. Diffused red rash on upper chest, trunk and extremities 2. Strawberry colored-tongue |
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Susceptibility test of scarlet fever |
Dick's Test |
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Positive result of Dick's Test |
Erythema or redness of the test site |
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Diagnostic test for scarlet fever |
Schultz Charlton |
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Positive result for Schultz Charlton test |
Blanching phenomenon or rash fade |
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It is a diffuse, spreading infection of subcutaneous skin tissue characterized by a defined area of redness and accumulation of fluid |
Cellulitis |
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It is an acute infection and inflammation of the dermal layer of the skin characterized by painful reddish patches that enlarge and thicken with a sharply defined edge |
Erysipelas |
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It is characterized by fever,inflammation of the heart, joints and blood vessels and a complication of pharyngitis |
Rheumatic Fever |
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IT is an inflammatory disease of the renal glomeruli; results from the deposition of antigen-antibody complexes; a complication of pharyngitis
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Acute glomerulonephritis or Bright's disease
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It is a condition in which the entire organ system shuts down, leading to death |
Streptococcal TSS |
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Laboratory Test for Group A Streptococci |
1. Bacitracin/ Taxo A Disk Test 2. Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim 3. L-pyrirolidonyl-alpha-naphthylamide |
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Positive result of Bacitracin Test
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Any zone of inhibition (susceptible)
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Group susceptible to Bacitracin Test |
Group A, C, and G |
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Positive result of SXT |
Resistant to Group A and B |
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Positive result of PYR test |
Bright/Cherry Red Color |
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Reagent of PYR Test |
Cinnamaldehyde |
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End product of PYR test |
Beta napthlamide |
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Negative result of PYR test |
No color change on the paper disk |
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It is part of the normal flora of the female genital tract and lower GIT |
Group B Streptococci |
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It is nosocomially transmitted by unwashed hands of mother or health care personnel to the newborn or infant |
Group B Streptococci |
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It causes infection of fetus during passage through the colonized birth canal and premature rupture of mother's membranes |
Group B Streptococci |
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Virulence factor of Group B Streptococci |
Capsule |
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Description of Group B Streptococci |
Grayish white Mucoid Colonies Small Zone of B hemolysis |
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Laboratory tests for Group B Streptococci |
CAMP Test Hippurate Hydrolysis Test |
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It is used to differentiate S. agalactiae from other Beta hemolytic Streptococci |
CAMP Test |
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Reagent of CAMP test |
B-lysin producing strain of S. Aureus Beta lysin disk |
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Positive result of CAMP Test |
arrow head beta hemolysis bowtie appearance |
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Medium of CAMP Test |
Blood Agar Plate incubated 18-24 hours at 35C |
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Reagents of Hippurate Hydrolysis Test
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Sodium hippurate and ninhydrin
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Positive result of Hippurate Hydrolysis Test |
Purple color after adding ninhydrin reagent |
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Negative result of Hippurate Hydrolysis Test |
No color Change |
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The main source of streptokinase |
Group C Streptococci |
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They expressed protein G and M |
Group C Streptococci |
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They are also know as alpha-prime streptococci that lack the lancefield group antigens |
Viridans Streptococci |
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They are normal microbiota of URT, female genital tract and GIT |
Viridans Streptococci |
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Are the most common cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis |
Viridans Streptococci |
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Virulence Factors of Viridans Streptococci |
Capsule Cytolusin Extracellular dextran Adhesins |
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Which causes subacute bacterial endocarditis |
S. mitis |
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Which causes gingivitis |
S. mutans |
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Which causes Dental Carries |
S. Mutans |
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5 groups of viridans streptoccocci |
S. mitis group S. mutans groups S. salivarius group S. bovis group S. anginosus group |
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Laboratory Test for S. bovis group |
1. Bile Esculin Medium 2. 6.5 % NaCl 3. PYR Test 4. Penicillin Test |
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It is the most commonly isolated viridans streptococci |
S. mutans group |
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What possesses the group D antigen |
S.bovis Enterococci |
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Adopted name for S. bovis |
S. equinus |
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They are natural inhabitants of intestinal tracts of humans and animals |
Enterococci |
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Species for Enterococci |
E. faecalis E. faecium E. avium E. gallinarum E. durans E. raffinosus |
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Hemolytic patterns of Enterococci |
Alpha beta non hemolytic |
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Virulence factor of enterococci
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Extracellular serine protease
Gelatinase Cytolysin |
EGC
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Infections of Enterococci |
UTI Endocarditis Bacteremia Wound Infection |
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Laboratory diagnosis for enterococci
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Growth in Bile Esculin medium
6.5% NaCl Penicillin Test |
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Supresses normal flora of Group B during pregnancy |
Todd Hewitt broth |
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It is utilized for vaginal or rectal swabs from pregnant women
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Carrot Broth
Granada Agar |
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Reagent of Leucine Aminopeptidase
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p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde
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It is considered part of the normal flora of the Upper respiratory tract of preschool children |
Streptococcus pneumononiae |
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It is the causative agent of lombar pneumonia |
Streptococcus pneumononiae |
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What does Streptococcus pneumononiae cause in adults?
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Bacterial Meningitis
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Principal Virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumononiae |
capsular polysaccharide |
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Culture for Streptococcus pneumononiae |
Blood Agar Plate |
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Complication of nose and throat infection |
Otitis media |
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Differential test for S. Pneumoniae
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Optochin Susceptibility
Bile Solubility Neufeld Quellung Reaction |
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Reagent for optochin test |
ethylhydroxycuprein hydrochloride |
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Screening test for Streptococcus pneumononiae |
Optochin susceptibility/Taxo P |
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Disk of Inhibition for Optochin Test |
6um-10um |
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Positive result for optochin test |
Greater than or equal to 14mm |
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It differentiates pneumococcus from viridans streptococci |
Bile solubility Test |
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It detects the activity of amidase
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Bile Solubility
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Reagent of Bile Solubility |
Sodium desoxycholate |
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Confirmatory test of Streptococcus pneumononiae |
Bile Solubility |
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Positive reaction of Capsular Swelling Test |
Positive Swelling of Capsule |
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Reagent of Neufeld Quellung Reaction |
methylene blue |
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they are formerly know as nutritionally variant streptococci |
Abiotophia and Granulicatella |
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It is a common airborne bacterium |
Aerococcus |
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It is similar in colony morphology and habitat to viridans streptococci |
Gemella |
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It is previously classified as group N streptococci |
Lactococcus |
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It has irregular coccoid morphology |
Leuconostoc |
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It has been isolated from individuals who have underlying GI abnormalities or have undergone abdominal surgery |
Pediococcus |
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