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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Social Psychology |
Studies how interaction within social groups as well as between groups helps to create and maintain the social identities of individuals EX: >how people behave in relation to others; >their influence on others; and >the effects of social factors such as stigma, stereotyping, and ideology on behavior in groups |
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Role Theory |
Explore the creation of roles as a process of construction ourselves in a place of social relations
that pertain to the way people are influenced in their behaviors by the variety of social positions they hold and the expectations that accompany those positions. >EX: commericals |
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Social Constructionism |
= Sociological theory originating in phenomenology, which posits that the world and meanings we create are the result of social interaction |
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Phenomenology |
A study of the creation of what is taken to be real |
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Relativism |
A theory holding that criteria of judgment are relative (real), varying with individuals and their environments. (The meaning the some people is different for others… dependent on where we’ve come from) |
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Discouse |
-Discourse refers not only to the actual words and statements, but their connection with social power relations.
-Meaning results not from language itself, but from discursive practices which limit its use, and constrain alternative meanings (what is allowed to be said)
-What is permitted to stand as “knowledge” is defined by discourse. |
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Discourse as Power |
Each society has its regime of truth, its ‘general politics’ of truth: That is, the types of discourse which it accepts and makes function as true; the mechanisms and instances which enable one to distinguish true and false statements, the means by which each is sanctified; the techniques and procedures accorded value in the acquisition of truth, the status of those who are charged with saying what counts as true. (Foucault, 1972, p. 131) |
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Pierre Bourdieu |
Interested in the dynamics of power within society
>identified the idea of social capital – is the power that we gain by having a wide and supportive networks or relationships (who you know)
>contrasted this with economic capital – accumulation of resources/financial power to influence and,
> cultural capital – the capacity to understand and interpret the world in complex ways argued that social and cultural capital are just as important as economic capital in people gaining power within their environment |
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Deconstruction |
the process of analyzing “texts” or perspectives “that is sensitive…to marginalized voices” and “biased knowledge”
it is through deconstruction that “biased knowledge can be altered by reconstructing truth through inclusion of the voices of disempowered people. Knowledge that had previously been marginalized can then be centered
do not accept the constructs as given; instead [we look] at them in relation to social, historical and political contexts |
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POSTMODERNISM |
Post modernism is a term used to describe modern culture > Characterized by a “loss of certainty” > Questions the limits of rationality and encourages the multiplicity of perspectives and voices > Differences in perspectives are the core of many of the debates within society > Lyotard famous quote defined postmodernism as: > “incredulity toward metanarratives” (we have big ideas of how the world should be run ex. capitalism (the only way to run the world), this questions these metanarratives ideas) |
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Postmodernists: |
>Contest essentialist (one truth) notions of reality. > Suggest that what we come to accept as reality is socially constructed. > The world and meanings we create are the result of social interaction (i.e., our understanding of race). If we created it, we can deconstruct it. |
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Post-modernism believes: |
everything is a social construction
From: > society > language > concepts > objects
us ---- concepts ---(unifys) --- objects Where do I get my concepts? =from language (lang. is from society) -language establishes a structre
=describing reality? or describing a system of signs? |
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History of Postmodernism and Social |
> Debate in contemporary practice whether adopting a postmodern stand means a wholesale rejection of some discourses as false, leaves us in a position of doubt and uncertainty > Social Work: Developed from a number of disciplines/perspectives. > Social Work Education: Viewed as a “profession” and consequently entrenched within a university/academic setting. |
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Positivist |
= the theory that laws are to be understood as social rules, valid because they are enacted by authority or derive logically from existing decisions |
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Positivist Influences on Social Work |
> Social work theories and practice have been imbued with white,middle class moral values.
> Influenced social policy development, social work practice, and social work research. (i.e., the ills of modern society could be remedied through planning by men of reason)
> Schools of social work have been and continue to undergo, criticism for failing to incorporate multiple perspectives; particularly those from marginalized groups. |
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Post-modern contributions on Social Work |
> Postmodern theory has contributed to an increased awareness of how power and knowledge are interconnected.
>Postmodernism has also contributed to an increased awareness of diversity and difference, and promotes pluralism.
> Postmodernism provides some ideas for guarding against “grand theories”, & thus, assists social workers in questioning the ways in which our paradigms can hide what were are trying to explain.
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The Strengths Perspective |
An orientation in social work and other professional practices that emphasizes the client’s resources, capabilities, support systems, and motivations to meet challenges and overcome adversity.
This approach does not ignore the existence of social problems, individual disease, or family dysfunctional; it emphasizes the client’s assets that are used to achieve and maintain individual and social well-being. |
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The Strengths Perspective Focus |
Require paradigm shift away from traditional approaches that focus on pathology EX: Why not?/Why Can't you change?
= Focus on the client’s meaning of the situation as the most important VS the labels or theories |
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Important Strengths Perspective concepts include: |
- Resilience - Membership - Dialogue and Collaboration - Suspension of disbelief |
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Resilience |
= The skills, abilities, knowledge, and insight that accumulate over time as people struggle to surmount adversity and meet challenges
> Concept has also been used expanded beyond individuals to describe families and communities |
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Membership |
Need for citizenship – responsible and valued members in a viable group or community
In contrast, to not be a member of society is to alienated and at risk of being marginalized and oppressed |
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Dialogue and Collaboration |
> Dialogue requires the worker to really listen to the client
> Collaboration requires the worker to forgo the “expert” role to become a “partner” in developing plan with client (ex. not looking at the file prior to and understand why they think they are in the social services) |
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Suspend Disbelief |
Requires worker to really listen and not assume that the client has “faulty recall, distorted perceptions, and limited self-awareness” |
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Criticisms of Strengths Perspective |
> It’s just positive thinking in disguise > reframing misery > Pollyannaism (rose coloured glasses) > Ignoring reality- ignoring risks (ex. Phoenix Sinclair situation- child killed by parents. SW said but the parents had many strengths, wanted to give them a chance.) |
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Narrative Therapy Definiton |
psychotherapeutic intervention that emphasizes the use of client storytelling through writing assignments involving specific aspects of one’s life, thought, or imagination and oral descriptions of various life experiences |
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Narrative Therapy Technique |
- Identify and emphasize existing strengths - Weaving past strengths into the fabric of a new narrative - Asking questions that externalize the problem separates the person from the problem and for them to look at it externally. - People are not disturbed but by they way they view something |
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Solution-Focused Brief Therapy |
A form of psychotherapy that spends relatively little time considering one’s problems or intrapsychic backgrounds, and the most time dealing with the positive outcomes the client seeks. A key element in the process is the “miracle question” in which the client is asked, “If any miraculous change in life or circumstance that one could wish for took place overnight, how would life be better?” The time in treatment is short, often around 10 sessions, and the focus is on goals and steps to be taken to reach those goals. |
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Solution-Focused Techniques |
Miracle Question - used within solution focused brief therapy to help clients identify their objectives clearly > What do you want differently? > Don’t care about the past, nor your problems, and what you’re running away from > This technique uses the what are your running towards > Scaling – helps clients and practitioners be specific about their aims and achievements |
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Critique |
Overoptimistic that psychological models will impact structural issues (e.g., poverty, discrimination) > Do not challenge the current system > Does not critique the systems that might be oppressive themselves (e.g., child welfare or justice system) |
