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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Definition of organizational culture?
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The cognitive framework consisting of attitudes, values, behavioral norms and expectations shared by an organization's members
"the way we do things around here" What employees perceive that management believes in |
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Three levels of culture?
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1. Artifacts (visible organizational structures and processes)
2. Espoused values (strategies, goals, philosophies) 3. Basic underlying assumptions (Subconscious, taken for granted beliefs, perceptions, thoughts and feelings |
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The Three other aspects of organizational culture?
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1. Dominant vs. subcultures
2. General vs. Strategic culture 3. Strength of culture positive-stronger the better negative-stronger the worst |
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The three outcomes of organizational culture?
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1. Person-organization fit
related to morale and withdrawal 2. Strategic culture linked with performance -service culture related to customer satisfaction -safety culture related to use of safety equipment 3. Potential negative Outcomes -barrier to change -barrier to diversity |
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The 3 Creations of culture and the ASA model
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1. Founder and top management
2. the people ASA model-the people make the place A-Attraction (people who are applying) S-Selection (people who have been hired) A-Attrition (people who leave the organization) 3. Environment |
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What are the 5 primary embedding mechanisms?
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1. Attention
2. Reactions to crisis 3. Role modeling 4. Allocation of rewards 5. Criteria for selection and dismissal |
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What are the 5 secondary embedding mechanisms?
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1. Design of systems and procedures
2. Design of organization structure 3. Design of facilities 4. Stories, legends and myths 5. Formal statements |
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Culture and growth stages of organizations?
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unlikely unless a major crisis threatens the welfare and survival of the organization. Harder to change culture in mature organizations than to create in a new organization. Implicit and unconscious in a more developed organization. Hard to adjust when they are a matter of pride and justify the past.
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What are the 7 things that can be changed in organizations?
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1. Culture
2. Organizational structure 3. Technology 4. People 5. Attitudes 6. Roles, jobs, or tasks 7. Objectives or strategy |
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What are the 6 forces behind change?
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1. Performance gaps
2. Demographics of the workforce 3. Government regulations 4. Competition 5. Economy 6. Technology |
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What is Lewin's Force-Field theory?
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1. Unfreezing-prepare, anticipate possible problems, need for change
2. Changing-implementation 3. Refreezing-sustainment, evaluation change works better |
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What is culture change?
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Planned culture change
-easier to change younger organizations than more mature organizations -change usually a result of a crisis (major turning point) Leaders must communicate new values and have confidence in ability to handle crisis -Can include the elimination of existing cultural forms and replacing them with new ones -Culture change is not always planned |
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The learning organizations?
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Organizations that learn rapidly and use that new knowledge to become more effective
continuous change and improvement values: innovation, experimentation, flexibility and initiative |
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The 2 key responsibilities of leading from the top?
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1. External monitoring
2. Developing competitive strategy The "romance" of leadership re-visited -external determinants of performance -we often prefer sample answers |
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The 9 reasons for resistance to change?
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1. lack of trust
2. belief that change is unnecessary 3. belief that the change is not feasible 4. economic threats 5. relative high cost 6. fear of personal failure 7. loss of status and power 8. Threat to value and ideals 9. Resentment of interference |
