Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
cardia of stomach
|
portion near gastric esophageal junction
|
|
fundus of stomach
|
(body) middle portion of stomach
|
|
antrum of stomach
|
area between fundus and the pylorus
|
|
parietal cells
|
produce hydrochloric acid and are located in the fundus
|
|
chief cells
|
produce pepsinogen and are also located in the fundus
|
|
mucous neck cells
|
found in the fundus; cardia; and antrum and produce mucous and are the mucosa progenitor cells
|
|
G cells
|
produce gastrin and only found in antrum
|
|
phases of secretion of acid
|
1 cephalic; vagal activity; stimulated by taste smell; and swallowing; 2 gastric phase; vagal component via direct stimulation of parietal cells or indirectly thru g cell production of gastrin; 3 antral phase: presence of food in stomach stimulates gastrin and stimulation of parietal cells; 4 intestinal phase; ends gastric secretion when food leaves stomach and exposes duodenum to acid food contents
|
|
gastric defenses against autodigestion
|
1 mucous secretion 2 bicarbonate secretion; 3 cellular barriers (tight junctions, rapid migration and proliferation of epithelial cells); 4 mucosal blood flow: highly sensitive to requirements of gastric bed, removes excess H+
|
|
Acute gastritis etiologies
|
1 drugs (aspirin, nsaids for eg); 2 alcohol; 3 smoking; 4 chemotherapy; 5 food poisoning, staphylococcal enterotoxin; 6 uremia (renal failure); 7 shock (esp/ sepsis); 8 helicobacter pylori
|
|
pathogenesis of acute gastritis
|
A: gastric mucosal barrier breakdown: agents may break down protective barrier; B blood flow; blood may be shunted away from area, resulting in injury to mucosa
|
|
complications of acute gastritis
|
ulceration or erosion of the mucosa; GI bleeding
|
|
chronic gastritis risk factors
|
1 h pylori; 2 autoimune conditions such as pernicious anemia; 3 reflux of bile especially after gastric surgery; 4 miscellaneous: smokeing, alcohol, etc
|
|
chronic active gastritis
|
used when neutrophil component is sidnificant and h pylori is present in superficial mucous layer
|
|
chronic superficial gastritis
|
chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate peredominates
|
|
chronic atrophic gastritis
|
atrophy of gastric glands
|
|
autoimmune gastritis morphology
|
fundus most severely affected
|
|
h pylori gastritis morphology
|
antral injury predominates
|
|
chronic peptic ulcer disease
|
chronic, usually solitary ulcers occurring at any level of the GI tract exposed to acid pepsin juices
|
|
etiologies of peptic ulcer disease
|
1 psychological factors; 2 environmental factors, such as aspirin and nsaids, alcohol, coffee, cola, cigarettes; 3 bacterial: h pylori; 4 altered gastric secretion (increased secretion in duodenal ulcers, but usually normal in gastric)
|
|
pathogenesis of duodenal ulcers
|
1 hypersecretion of acid and pepsin; 2 increased responsiveness of gastric mucosa to stimulation to secrete acid; 3 rapid gastric emptying
|
|
morphology of peptic ulcers
|
punched out appearance, 80% chronic peptic solitary; may be very deep, thru wall
|
|
most common sites of chronic peptic ulcers
|
1 anterior wall of first portion of duodenum; 2 posterior wall of first portion of duodenum; 3 second portion of duodenum; 4 antral region of stomach along the lesser curvature; 5 other sites: other parts stomach, lower esophagus, malformation of GI (meckels) stomal ulcers (anastomoses from prev surgery)
|
|
differences between acute and chronic peptic ulcers
|
Number(multiple vs single); size (smaller vs larger); depth (shallow vs deep); scarring (no vs yes); margins (ragged vs sharp); chronic gastritis (no vs yes)
|
|
acute gastric ulcers causes
|
1 acute brain damage or neuroseurgery (cushing’s ulcers); 2 extensive burns (curling’s ulcers); 3 shock, especially septic shock; 4 trauma esp to brain; 5 aspirin, large or chronic doses; 6 nsaids
|
|
morphology of acute peptic ulcers
|
superficial, usually multiple, small, anywhere in stomach; ragged edges, fibrinoid necrosis, granulation tissue, little if any scar tissue
|
|
gastric carcinoma morphology
|
gross appearance usually exophytic fungating tumor arising from mucosa. some are flat or excavated with ulceration. 80% 2-10 cm.
|
|
linitis plastica
|
results when stomach is diffusely involved by carcinoma and has the characteristics of a leather bottle
|