Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
incomplete closure of muscular!! abdominal wall with herniation into ventral membranous sac
|
omphacele
|
|
|
abdominal wall defect involving all layers with protrusion outside of body
|
gastroschisis
|
|
|
sx of congenital pyloric stenosis
|
projectile vomiting
palpable mass |
|
|
tx of congenital pyloric stenosis
|
pyloromyotomy (split pyloric muscle)
|
|
|
acquired pyloric stenosis is more common in what population
|
male
|
|
|
complications of chronic gastritis
|
epithelial dysplasia
|
|
|
drug classes that cause acute gastritis
|
aspirin/steroids: decrease mucus
NSAIDS: decrease PGs |
|
|
sx of trauma/burn induced acute gastritis
|
curling ulcers
|
|
|
sx of CNS trauma induced acute gastritis
|
cushing ulcers
|
|
|
H. pylori usually infects what part of the stomach
|
antral
|
|
|
autoimmune (atrophic) gastritis type A usually affects what part of the stomach
|
body/fundus
|
|
|
most common cause of chronic gastritis
|
H.pylori
|
|
|
results from prolonged chronic gastritis
|
multifocal atrophic gastritis (type B non-immune)
|
|
|
sx of multifocal atrophic (type B) gastritis
|
hypochlorhydria (reduced acid secretion)
|
|
|
multifocal atrophic gastritis (type B) can eventually lead to
|
MALT lymphoma
|
|
|
sparse inflammatory infiltrate with reactive foveolar hyperplasia
|
reactive gastropathy
|
|
|
typical causes of reactive gastropathy
|
chemical injury (drugs, bile reflux)
|
|
|
parietal cells stimulated to secrete H+ and IF which results eventually in loss of parietal cells
|
autoimmune gastritis (type A)
|
|
|
result of autoimmune gastritis (type A) on parietal cells
|
achlorhydria
increased serum gastrin |
|
|
how does autoimmune gastritis (type A) lead to pernicious anemia
|
deficiency of IF (malabsorption of B12)
|
|
|
complications of chronic gastritis
|
epithelial dysplasia
peptic ulcer disease |
|
|
strongly assx with H. pylori hyperchlorhydria
|
peptic ulcer disease
|
|
|
sx of peptic ulcer disease
|
dyspepsia (stomach pain)
|
|
|
PUD relieved by fasting
|
gastric PUD
|
|
|
PUD relieved by eating
|
duodenal PUD
|
|
|
PUD puts a pt. at high risk for
|
bleeding (anemia)
fibrosis (obstruction) perforation |
|
|
two types of gastric epithelial proliferations
|
menetrier disease
zollinger-ellison |
|
|
predominant cell type involved with menetrier disease
|
mucous
|
|
|
predominant cell type involved with zollinger-ellison
|
parietal
|
|
|
hypoproteinemia
weight loss diarrhea |
menetrier disease
|
|
|
sx of zollinger ellison
|
peptic ulcers
|
|
|
gastric epithelial proliferation disease assx with adenocarcinoma
|
menetrier disease
|
|
|
gastrin-secreting tumor
|
zollinger-ellison
|
|
|
neoplastic polyps usually occur in the background of what
|
chronic gastritis
|
|
|
most common type of malignancies of the stomach
|
carcinomas (epithelial)
|
|
|
two types of gastric adenocarcinoma
|
intestinal (majority)
diffuse |
|
|
tumor cells form glandular structures
|
gastric adenocarcinoma
|
|
|
discohesive cells with large intracytoplasmic mucin that displaces nucleus
|
diffuse adenocarcinoma
|
|
|
causes diffuse adenocarcinoma
|
decreased E-cadherin (loss of cell adhesion)
|
|
|
adenocarcinoma of gastric wall that causes "leather bottle" appearance
|
linitis plastica (a diffuse adenocarcinoma)
|
|
|
special metastases of gastric carcinoma
|
virchows node (L. supraclavicular)
sister mary joseph nodule (subcutanteous periumbilical area) krukenberg tumor (ovaries) |
|
|
well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor
|
carcinoid
|
|
|
carcinoid syndrome
|
flushing, sweating, bronchospasm, diarrhea, abdominal pain (from neuroendocrine secretory products)
|
|
|
location of GI neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and prognosis
|
foregut (stomach, sm. intestine proximal to lig. of treitz): good
midgut (jejunum, ileum): aggressive hindgut (appendix and colorectum): benign |
|
|
MALT lymphoma
|
extranodal marginal B-cell lymphoma
|
|
|
genetic pathogenesis of MALT lymphomas
|
3 translocations with increased NFkB (tx factor)
|
|
|
most common mesenchymal abdominal tumor
|
gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
|
|
|
genetic mutations of GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor)
|
c-kit mutation
PDGFRA mutation |
|
|
tx of GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor)
|
imatinib (tyrosine kinase inhibitor)
|
|
|
achlorhydria
pernicious anemia |
autoimmune atrophic gastritis
|
|
|
what are foveolar cells
|
mucous cells
|
