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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Glycolysis produces how many ATP?
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2
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In Glycolysis, carbon is (oxidized/reduced) and co factors are (oxidized/reduced)
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oxidized
reduced |
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What are the three products of glycolysis?
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pyruvate, ATP and NADH + H+
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A major strategy of glycolysis to create high energy compounds that can release energy. Which two compounds are created that form ATP?
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1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
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What enzyme is responsible for step one of glycolysis (glucose to g-6-P)?
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hexokinase, a someone promiscuous enzyme that phosphorylates a lot of enzymes
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What is the considered to be the committed step of glycolysis?
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Step 3, is the formation fructose 1,6 bisphosphate. It is an important regulatory step in that it regulates how much sugar ends up in the blood
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Is this committed step reversible?
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NO! Highly exergonic
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Dehydrogenases are always associated with ____ and kinases are always associated with ______
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redox reactions, group transfers
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THe first 5 steps of glycolysis are called ___
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the priming steps
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What are some of the key things that happen in the priming steps?
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1) 2 ATP are used... but none is formed yet because the high energy cmpd needed is not yet made
2) You start with a 6 carbon cmpd and end up with two isomerized, phosphorylated 3 carbon cmpd ready to make energy 3) |
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the 6th step (right after the priming phase) is a redox reaction that forms what?
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1,3 bisphosphoglycerate
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How does the redox work in this case?
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the carbon is oxidized, which is exergonic and allows for the addition of the second phosphate to create 1 3 bisphosphoglycerate
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what co factor is involved in this reaction?
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NAD+ is reduced to form NADH + H+ (since carbon is oxidized
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What happens next after the formation of 1,3 bisphosphogylcerate?
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using ADP, a phosphate is cleaved and added to form ATP
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what enzyme is responsible for this?
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phosphoglycerate kinase
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steps 8 and 9 prepare and create the second high energy compound, _____
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PEP or phosphoenolpyruvate
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what enzyme catalyzes the break down of PEP to form ATP
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pyruvate kinase
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Summary of the second 5 reactions – Payday!
-All reaction happen twice. -Carbon is oxidized, cofactor is reduced. -The high-energy compounds 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and phosphoenolpyruvate are formed. -ATP is made by substrate-level phosphorylation. |
fact card
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what vitamin is required for glycolysis
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niacin (NAD)
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This vitamin becomes part of a coenzyme. What role does this coenzyme play in glycolysis?
It accepts phosphates during substrate level phosphorylation. It accepts electrons from carbon. It isomerizes sugars. It forms a thioester bond during group transfer reactions. All of the above. |
it accepts electrons from carbon
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If you see a kinase enzyme, then you are dealing with___ in someway or another
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ATP
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Which rxns are irreversible and why?
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#1 --> converting glucose to g6p using ATP and hexokinase (large neg delta G
#3 --> adding a phosphate to form to 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate using ATP and phospho fructokinase #3---> Breakdown of PEP by pyruvate kinase to form ATP |
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where does glycolysis occur?
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cytoplasm
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What is the committed step of glycolysis?
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#3, the formation of fructose 1 6 bis phosphate
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What are the two high energy compounds that when broken down, produce ATP
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1 3 bisphosphoglycerate and PEP
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when there is excess ATP, which step is inhibited?
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the step 3, the regulatory/ committed step, which if hit, goes thru glyc. High ATP levels inhibit this
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what do isozymes do?
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allow for differences in glycolysis based on the type of tissue it occurs in
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Imagine a cell with 100 molecules of glucose, 20 molecules of NAD+ and everything else needed to carry out glycolysis. How many ATP can the cell make?
20 40 80 100 I need help with this. |
20
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