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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1) When thiazide diuretics are administered chronically __ are common side effects? (Select 3)
Metabolic alkalosis Hyperkalemia Hyperchloremia Metabolic acidosis Hypokalemia Hypochloremia |
Metabolic alkalosis
Hypokalemia Hypochloremia |
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2) Which is not recommended for prophylaxis against the oliguric phase of acute renal failure?
Furosemide Dopamine Spironolactone Acetazolamide Hydrochlorothiazide |
Dopamine
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3) Which are common clinical uses of furosemide? Select 3
Mobilization of edema fluid due to renal, hepatic or cardiac failure Mobilization of edema fluid to renal failure only Treatment of increased intracranial pressure Increasing calcium uptake by cells for treatment of hypocalcemia Inhibition of calcium uptake by cells as a treatment for hypercalcemia |
Mobilization of edema fluid due to renal, hepatic or cardiac failure
Treatment of increased intracranial pressure Inhibition of calcium uptake by cells as a treatment for hypercalcemia |
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4) Which, when administered in small doses, will stimulate diuresis in the presence of excessive arginine vasopressin hormone (antidiuretic hormone)?
Furosemide Hydrochlorothiazide Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors Dopamine Amiloride |
Furosemide
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5) Which has as its site of action the distal convoluted tubules?
Thiazide diuretics Loop diuretics Osmotic diuretics Potassium sparing diuretics Aldosterone antagonists |
Potassium sparing diuretics
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6) In patients with oliguria secondary to cardiac failure, acute increases in intravascular volume by ___ may precipitate pulmonary edema.
Furosemide Mannitol Hydrochlorothiazide Spironolactone Amiloride |
Mannitol
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7) Which diuretic has a rare complication the development of deafness?
Furosemide Mannitol Hydrochlorothiazide Spironolactone Amiloride |
Furosemide
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8) Which is a competitive antagonist of aldosterone?
Urea Furosemide Amiloride Spironolactone Hydrochlorothiazide |
Spironolactone
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9) Which of the side effects is the most serious one for s spironolactone?
Hyperchloremia Hypernatremia Hypermagnesemia Hyperkalemia Hypercalcemia |
Hyperkalemia
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10) Which is relatively select postsynaptic dopamine-1 agonists with weak 5-hydroxytryptamine-2 receptor agonist activity but no significant dopamine-2, alpha and beta agonist effect?
Furosemide Dopamine Fenoldopam Spironolactone Acetazolamide |
Fenoldopam
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11) With the loop diuretics, loss of _____ and ____ is prominent.
Potassium; magnesium Sodium; Calcium Calcium; Magnesium Potassium; Sodium Chlorine: Potassium |
Potassium; Sodium
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12) Which diuretics have been used to treat essential hypertension? (Select 3)
Chlorothiazide Furosemide Mannitol Triamterene Amiloride Spironolactone Acetazolamide |
Chlorothiazide
Furosemide Amiloride |
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13) The antihypertensive effect of thiazide diuretics is due initially to
A decrease in extracellular volume often with an increase in urinary output An increased in extracellular volume with an increase in urinary output Competition with aldosterone Competition with antidiuretic hormone A decrease in extracellular volume often with a decrease in cardiac outout |
A decrease in extracellular volume often with a decrease in cardiac outout
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14) which diuretic increases osmolarity of renal tubular fluid and prevents reabsorption of water?
Furosemide Acetazolamide Spironolactone Mannitol Amiloride |
Mannitol
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15) Which has an affect on the collecting ducts?
Thiazide diuretics Loop diuretics Osmotic diuretics Potassium sparing diuretics Aldosterone Antagonist |
Aldosterone Antagonist
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23) A patient in PICU has just had a bowel resection, the CVP is 22 and he has some Rhales at the bases of the lungs upon auscultation?
Treatment: |
Treatment: Lasix (Fuerosemide)
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25) Mr. Jones is in the holding area and he told you he started to take a new blood pressure medication one week ago. Today he tells you that he noticed his throat getting tight one hour after taking the pill. When you are speaking with him, you notice that his lips are swollen. This is a life threatening side effect of which of the following antihypertensive?
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Captopril (Angioedema)
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27) Acetazolamide (Diamox) is used for the Treatment of?
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Glaucoma
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28) Thiazides diuretics produce diuresis mainly in the portion of the renal tubules:
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Ascending loop of Henle
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29) Which of the following is common S/E of (Potassium Sparing Diuretics)?
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Hyperkalemia
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31) A Diuretic that is Contraindicated in a patient that is Hyperkalemia is?
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Aldactone
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33) Mrs. Green has a history of CHF and had been taking Lasix for the last 6 months, she had a bowel prep for a colonoscopy. During the procedure she begins to have Unifocal PVC, as the anesthesia provider you should?
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Draw a stat potassium level
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34) Which of the following class of diuretics can cause Metabolic Acidosis?
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Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
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36) Hypokalemia, Hypochlorimia, Metabolic alkalosis is the side effect of which of the following?
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Thiazide and Lasix (Loop Diuretic)
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50) How do all Diuretics affect the body?
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It decreases total body Na
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48. Hypokalemia, hypochlorimia, met alkalosis is the side effect of which of the following?
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Thiazide and Lasix
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45. IV dose for Lasix is:
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0.1-1mg/kg
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43.Thiazide diuretics produce diuresis by:
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increasing the reabsorption of potassium in the cortical portions of the ascending loop
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12- What are the primary mechanisms of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors? Select 2:
Reduces release of aldosterone and sodium and water retention Inhibits formation of angiotensin II Reduces renal effects of renin from renal arteriole Blocks release of renin from renal arteriole Reduces catecholamine effect on systemic vessels |
Reduces release of aldosterone and sodium and water retention
Inhibits formation of angiotensin II |
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13- Unexpected hypotension perioperatively in patients chronically taking ACE inhibitors is related to elevation of what autocoid?
Nitric oxide Bradykinin Cholesterol Prostaglandin Serotonin |
Bradykinin
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14- A life threatening complication that can occur with ACE inhibitors is?
Rhinorrhea Hypokalemia Upper respiratory congestion Cough Angioedema |
Angioedema
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15-What is the most common electrolyte abnormality associated with the use of ACE hibitors?
Hypokalemia Chloride depletion Hypomagnesemia Hyponatremia Hyperkalemia |
Hyperkalemia
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16- Refractory hypotension unresponsive to ephedrine or phenylephrine in patients chronically receiving ACE inhibitors should be treated with
Norepinephrine Calcium chloride Terlipressin Atropine Blood |
Terlipressin
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17- What is the major effect of angiotensin II receptor inhibitors?
Reduction in ACE Inhibition of antidiuretic hormone Inhibition of renin from the kidney Reduction in bradykinin Direct blockade of angiotensin at post-synaptic receptors |
Direct blockade of angiotensin at post-synaptic receptors
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18- Which is an example of angiotensin II receptor inhibitor?
Losartan Terlipressin Prazocin Catopril Nifedipine |
Losartan
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19- What is the most serious electrolyte abnormality associated with chronic administration of an antiotensin II receptor antagonists?
Elevated potassium Elevated magnesium Reduced Calcium Elevated calcium Reduced sodium |
Elevated potassium
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20-Which adverse effect is reduced with angiotensin II receptor antagonists compared to angiotensin converting enzyme antagonists?
Hyperkalemia Bradycardia Bronchospasm Hypotension Cough |
Cough
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23) A patient in PICU has just had a bowel resection, the CVP is 22 and he has some Rhales at the bases of the lungs upon auscultation?
Treatment: |
Treatment: Lasix (Fuerosemide)
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ACE inhibitors prevent the conversion of:
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angiotension I to angiotensin II in the lung?
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25) Mr. Jones is in the holding area and he told you he started to take a new blood pressure medication one week ago. Today he tells you that he noticed his throat getting tight one hour after taking the pill. When you are speaking with him, you notice that his lips are swollen. This is a life threatening side effect of which of the following antihypertensive?
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Captopril (Angioedema)
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26) Which of the following is True about Losartan?
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Inhibits the binding of Angiotensin II to the AT1 receptor in Vascular Smooth Muscle.
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27) Acetazolamide (Diamox) is used for the Treatment of?
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Glaucoma
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28) Thiazides diuretics produce diuresis mainly in the portion of the renal tubules:
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Ascending loop of Henle
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29) Which of the following is common S/E of (Potassium Sparing Diuretics)?
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Hyperkalemia
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Common side effect of ACE inhibitor is?
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Persistent nonproductive cough
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31) A Diuretic that is Contraindicated in a patient that is Hyperkalemia is?
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Aldactone
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33) Mrs. Green has a history of CHF and had been taking Lasix for the last 6 months, she had a bowel prep for a colonoscopy. During the procedure she begins to have Unifocal PVC, as the anesthesia provider you should?
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Draw a stat potassium level
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34) Which of the following class of diuretics can cause Metabolic Acidosis?
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Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (diamox, acetazolamide)
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36) Hypokalemia, Hypochlorimia, Metabolic alkalosis is the side effect of which of the following two types of diuretics?
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Thiazide and Lasix (Loop Diuretic)
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38) Which has the Shortest Duration of Action of these ACE inhibitors?
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C/E/L/R (6-10/ 18-30/ 18-30/ 24-60)
Captopril |
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39) Which sentence is True regarding (Lasrtan)?
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Antagonist for angiotensin II at the AT1 receptors found in vascular smooth muscle.
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50) How do all Diuretics affect the body?
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It decreases total body Na
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40. A diuretic that is contraindicated in a patient that is hyperkalemia is?
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Aldactone
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Enalapril and are a prodrug which are defined as?
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And inactive parent drug administered that undergoes metabolism to active metabolite
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The most common side effect of ACE inhibitors are?
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Cough and upper respiratory congestion, rhinorrhea.
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Thiazide diuretics produce diuresis by:
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Increasing the reabsorption of potassium in the cortical portions of the ascending loop
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How do diuretics produce dieuresis?
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decrease NA reabsorption
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1. Which of the following is a synthetic steroid
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Prednisolone
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2. SSRIs are potent __________________ of CYP450 and _____________ plasma concentrations of drugs
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inhibitors / increase
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11. What causes cardiomyopathy
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Doxarubacin
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12. Chronic steroid therapy causes all of the following EXCEPT
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stimulation of HPA
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13. Mitomycin (also bleomycin) treatment requires (something like that):
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FIO2 <30%
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14. Prednisolone 5mg is equivalent to:
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20mg of cortisol
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15. Mechanism of MAOI inhibitors:
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block metabolism of biogenic amines
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16. Mechanism of action for anti-psychotics
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block dopamine
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17. Which of the following is nephroxic
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Aminoglycosides
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18. Which of the following is ototoxic
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aminoglycosides
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19. Which is a potentiates neuromuscular blockers
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Clindamycin (Lincosamide)
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31. When do you give dexamethasone
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beginning of the case
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35. TCA cause
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intractable cardiac dysrrythmias
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37. TRUE/FALSE- Cortisol goes through transmembrane receptors and exerts its effect intracellularly
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FALSE (Notes-Active cortisol freely diffuses into cells where it exerts its action via intracellular receptors)
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38. When administering Isonazid you give:
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Vitamin B6 (isonazid causes neuropathy)
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39. What is the TOTAL stress dose of hydrocortisone in 24 hours assuming the patient is NOT diabetic:
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300mg (typically you give 100 q8h to a total of 300mg begininnig the evening of surgery or on the morning of surgery. For diabetics five 25mg at induction and 100mg a an infusion over 24 hours)
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40. As discussed in lecture, the CLINICAL incidence of cross reactivity to PCN and Cephalosporins is:
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1% (even though literature states 20% actual clinical incidence is only 1%)
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41. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome is associated with:
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Antipsychotics
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44. Which neurotransmitter is released by preganglionic sympathetic fibers and all parasympathetic fibers:
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Acetylcholine
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46. Chemo drugs work on cells that are _________
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rapidly dividing.
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47. Can’t give droperidol to a pt with:
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Parkinson’s disease
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48. Which antibiotic is bacteriocidal?
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Fluoroquinolones
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49. Anti-sz meds cause enzyme induction, which means you burn through your non depolarizers ________.
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faster
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12. Prozac (Fluoxetine) needs to be discontinued_______ weeks before initiating therapy with MAO inhibitors?
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5 weeks
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13. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome can be associated with which of the following type of drugs?
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Antipsychotics
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14. Which of the following class of antibiotics is most Nephrotoxic?
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Aminoglycosides
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15. Tricyclic antidepressants overdose has many complications the most severe is?
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Intractable cardiac arrhythmias
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16. Which of the following antidepressants is structurally similar to amphetamine and has greater incidence of seizures?
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Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
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17. Mr.Jones is taking imipramine, tricyclic antidepressant for depression. He develops hypotension under GA that requires a sympathomimetic to ensure hemodynamic stability. Which of the following is recommended for this patient?
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Direct acting sympathomimetic decreasing the does by 1/3
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18. All opioids have been associated with adverse reactions with patients taking MAO inhibitors, which opioid causes the most adverse effects?
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Meperidine
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19. According to the SIPS protocol preoperative antibiotics need to be given ________before surgical incision:
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1 hour
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20. Which antiviral drug is a powerful inhibitor of CP450 which may result in increased plasma concentration:
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Ritonavir
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21. Patients treated w/amphotericin B is in the endoscopy suit for colonoscopy; EKG shows SR w/uniform PVC, what is your next action?
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Send a K and Mag level and hold procedure pending results
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22. Which of the following antimicrobials when administered rapidly may result in significant histamine release causing flushing, severe hypotension, cardiac arrest?
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Vancomycin
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23. Defluorination of VA is increased w/which of the following antimicrobials?
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Isoniazid
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24. Beta-lactum ring is a characteristic of?
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PCN and Cephalosporins
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25. Cefazolin is often used preoperatively because?
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High blood levels are quickly reached and renal elimination is slow
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26. 2nd generation cephalosporins differ from 1st generation (cefoxitin vs cefazolin), in that 2nd generation?
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Gram negative cocci coverage is greater than gram positive cocci
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27. Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents may be prolonged in patients receiving?
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Aminoglycosides
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28. Neuromuscular blockade may be seen in patients receiving high dose?
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Clindamycin (even without any NDMRs)
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29. Mr. Emerson is taking Levodopa and Carbidopa.,Carbidopa is added to the treatment regimen to:
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Decrease metabolism of levodopa in peripheral circulation
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