Sterilization

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Sterilization

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The complete destruction of pathogens including endospores

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Sterilization

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The complete destruction of vegetative forms of microoganisms

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antisepsis

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the application of chemical agents to a surface to inhibit microbial growth and reproduction

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steam autoclaving

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combines heat, pressure, and moisture

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Steps in equipment processing

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1) Equipment is disassembled
2)washed in detergent
3) rinsed
4) Loosely packaged
5) steamed

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Critical factors in steam autoclaving

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exposure time, pressure, and temperature

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Temp and pressure for steam autoclaving

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121 degrees c for 15 minutes at 15 psi, or 121 c for 3 minutes at 30 psi

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Disadvantages of steam autoclaving

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1) dulls surgical instruments
2) Speeds deterioration of rubber and some plastics
3) contraindicated for some electronics

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Advantages of pasteurization

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1) does not destroy plastics
2) Uses only water
3) destroys vegetative organisms
4) 77 degrees c for 30 minutes

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Etheylene Oxide Processing

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1) Toxic gas combined with moisture and heat
2) effectiveness depends on equipment preparation, gas concentration, humidity, and temperature

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Steps in Ethylene Oxide processing

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1) Diassemble
2)wash in detergent
3) rinse
4) dry
4) package in poroous packages

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Ethylene oxide concentration

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Shouuld be between 800 and 100 mg/L

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Upper critical temp for ethylene oxide processing

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no higher than 60 (should be between 49 and 57)

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Humidity range for ethylene oxide processing

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between 49 and 57 degrees C

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Contraindications for ethylene oxide processing

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Not for plastics
necessary aeration time

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Glutaraldehyde processing

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chemical that is used to cold sterilize or disinfect equipment by immersion

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How are organisms destroyed in gluteraldehyde processing

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By alkylation of forms

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Time limits for gluteraldehyde processing

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1) 10-20 minutes for disinfection
2)6-10 hours for sterilization

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Steps in gluteraldehyde processing

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1) Immersion
2)rinse with sodium bisulfite
3) allow to dry in filter cabinet

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Contraindications of gamma irradiation

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1) expensive
2) cumbersome

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Bacteriological Surveillance

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Provides data on the effectiveness of disinfection and sterilization methods

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Output sampling

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Aerosol directed through a funnel to a culture plate

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Rinse Sampling

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sterile broth is exposed to respiratory therpay equipment, then cultured

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Rodec Plate Sampling

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plate is pressed against equipment, then cultured

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Swab Sampling

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Swab is exposed to RT equipment, then plated, then cultured

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Common Methods of Heat sterilization

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1) incineration
2) Dry heat
3) boiling
4) autoclaving

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Dry heat sterilization technique

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1) objects placed in oven for 1-2 hours at temps between 120 and 180 degrees C
2) ideal for glass and metal

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Boiling

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1) kills all vegetative bacteria and most viruses in 30 minutes

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Autoclaving

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1) efficient
2) quick
3) cheap
4) clean

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Autoclaving temperatures, time, and pressure

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20 psi, 126 degrees C, 10 minutes