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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is pericarditis |
Inflammation of the membranous sac surrounding the heart |
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When may pericarditis occur |
As a complication of non infectious conditions
Such as azotemia (too much urea and other nitrogenous compounds in the blood) |
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What is the chronic form of pericarditis |
Fibrosis of pericardial sac |
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what is acute pericarditis |
fluid upon assessment
**will hear rubbing, grating, scratching, and leathery sounds |
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what are clinical manifestations of pericarditis |
debilitating pain much like an MI, the pain is aggravated by laying supine, deep breathing, coughing, swallowing & moving the trunk. and alleviated by sitting up and leaning forward. SOB, fever, chills, diaphoresis, and leukocytosis are observed. |
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how many mL of fluid are normally in pericardial sac? |
15 to 50mL |
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how many mL of fluid are found in the pericardial sac, if you have pericarditis |
150 to 200 mL or more |
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what should you assess for in pericarditis |
subjective: pts description of muscle aches, fatigue, and dyspnea.
objective: chest pain that radiates to the shoulder and neck, and facial grimace on inspiration, elevated temp. |
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what diagnostic tests should you preform for pericarditis |
ECG, echo, CBC, sed rate, blood cultures, cardiac enzymes, CRP test, & chest xray (chest xray will generally be normal unless the pt has a large pericardial effusion. |
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what are some forms of medical management you can provide for a pt with pericarditis |
O2, parenteral fluids, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents, corticosteroids, and a pericardiocenteis to remove excess fluid and restore normal heart function. |
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what are some nursing interventions you could preform for a pt with pericarditis |
VS, listen to lung and heart sounds, bed rest to decrease cardiac workload, raise the HOB to 45 degrees to decrease dyspnea. |
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what is endocarditis |
infection or inflammation of the inner membranous lining of the heart, particularly on the heart valves |
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what should you assess for in a pt with endocarditis |
subjective: complaints of influenza like symptoms with recurrent fever, fatigue, chest pain, headaches, joint pain and chills.
objective: petechiae in the conjunctiva or oral mucosa, neck, anterior chest, abdomen and legs. splinter like hemorrhages in the nail beds.
** more serious complications may occur such as, stroke and renal or splenic infarction. |
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what are some diagnostic test you can preform for endocarditis |
ECG, chest xray, CBC, sed rate, blood cultures |
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what are some types of medical management for endocarditis |
rest to decrease the workload of the heart, antibiotic therapy continues as long as 1 to 2 months ( prophylactic antibiotic therapy is recommended for pt who are high risk for developing infective endocarditis) surgical repair of diseased valve or prosthetic valve replacement may be necessary if pts condition is severe. |
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what are some nursing interventions you can do for a pt with endocarditis |
observe for petechiae, pain assessment, vomiting, fever (report these symptoms if observed) maintain the pt on decreased activity and provide a calm quiet environment, take VS Q4hrs, take apical pulse before and after ambulation. |
