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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Obesity neoplasia main risk
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endometrial carcinoma
Most if not all cancer risk increased though. Above is main one with known link |
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Benzopyrene toxicity path
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Cytochrome P-450 activates to xenobiotic. The secondary metabolite covalently binds DNA and increases cancer risk
Smoking and lung cancer |
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Napthylamine carcinogen path
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Glucuronidation converts
Urinary tract cancers |
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2-naphthylamine carcinogen path
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peroxidase dependent cooxidation pathway
Urinary tract cancers |
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Thiamine deficiency
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Due to chronic alcoholism
Confusion, disorientatoin, nystagmus, ataxia, decreased sensation - Wernike's Cardiomyopathy (wet beriberi) |
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Folate deficiency
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Due to chronic alcoholism, and
macrocytic anemia |
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Vitamin E deficiency in infants
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Due to poor hepatic function or fat malabsorption
Decreased tendon reflexes, weakness, decreased vibration and pain due to degeneration of axons in posterior columns NORMOCYTIC anemia (rule out B12) |
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Main 2 vitamin deficiencies that develop postpartum in infant
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Vit D and K, rest get from breastfeeding
Give Vit K shot for bleeding problems MAY give Vit D in some cases (dark skinned, ex) because often get from sunlight so OK |
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Vitamin A deficiency
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Maintains epithelial surfaces
Squamous metaplasia of respiratory epithelium, infection risk Desquamated kertianaceous debris forms stones in urinary tract Blindness from keratomalacia Xerophthalmia, corneal scarring |
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Vitamin B3 deficiency
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Niacin
Pellagra - Dementia, Diarrhea, Dermatitis |
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Vitamin D deficiency
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Rickets, leg bowing
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Vitamin C deficiency
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Scurvy, soft tissue hemorrhages
Hyperkeratotoic, papular rash, ecchymoses, gingival swelling with hemorrhages Subtle - pain in leg, tenderness to palpation, poor wound healing, hyperkeratotic skin rash |
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Vitamin K deficiency
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Bleeding problems (more than just petechiae of soft tissue Vit C damage)
In infants may see bleeding from cord stump, ecchymoses over body, and seizures |
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TB treatment and vitamin deficiency
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Isoniazid is a B6 (pyridoxine) antagonist so need supplementation
Causes a peripheral neuropathy |
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Acute Cocaine abuse effect and withdrawal treatment
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Blocks dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake
Excited delirium, pupil dilation, tactile hallucinations Vasoconstrictor Ischemic injury to nasal septum Ischemia to heart, arrythmias, CNS hemorrhages Hyperthermia Over time atherosclerosis of coronaries In pregnancy can cause placental insufficiency, infarcture, fetal hypoxia, spontaneous abortion Treat with benzodiazepines Withdrawal - severe craving, suicidal |
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Acute ethanol effect and withdrawal treatment
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CNS depression/coma, nausea and vomiting
No immediate cardiac effects (wet beriberi over time) AST:ALT = 2:1 or more; High GGT Long term - cardiomyopathy, cirrhosis, pancreatitis, hematemesis, gastric ulcers, variceal bleeding (Malloery-weiss syndrome due to vomiting) Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome - thymine def leading to tconfusion, ophthalmopleia and ataxia (wernicke's), can get confabulation or personality change (Korsakoff's psychosis). MAMMILLARY BODY HEMORRHAGE Cancers of upper aerodigestive tract, no stomach cancer but gastritis, Withdrawal treat with benzodiazepines Long term with disulfram |
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Acute Opiates effect and withdrawal treatment
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CNS depression and respiratory function
PINPOINT pupils, seizures Treat with naloxone, naltrexone Withdrawal - sweating, DILATED pupils, Flu-like symptoms |
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Acute Heroin effect and withdrawal, treatment
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CNS depressant
Acute pulmonary edema and respiratory failure Respiratory depression Convulsions Cardiac arrest Track marks in cubital fossa Withdrawal - Methadone (long term) and Suboxone (naloxone and buprenorphine) long acting with fewer ASE) |
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Acute Marijuana effect and withdrawal, treatment
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No serious acute tox
euphoria, paranoid delusions, impaired judgement Withdrawal - irritability, anorexia, depression |
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Acute PCP effect
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NMDA Receptor antagonist; Acute tox mimics psychosis
BELLIGERENCE, psychomotor agitation, homicidality, |
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Acute nicotine effect and withdrawal, treatment
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Restlessness in excess
Withdrawal - irritable, anxiety, craving. Give patches or bupriopion, varenicline |
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Acute Amphetamines effect
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Norepi mimic; CNS stimulation
Cardiac arrythmias, hallucinations, delucions Withdrawal - HUNGER |
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Acute LSD effect
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Hallucinations, delusions, FLASHBACKS. DILATED pupils
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Acute Barbiturates effect and withdrawal, treatment
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CNS depression
Ataxia, minor respiratory depression Treat with flumazenil |
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Acute benzodiazepines effect and withdrawal, treatment
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GABA receptor inhibitor
CNS depression, MARKED respiratory depression Withdrawal - delirium, CV collapse |
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Lead exposure
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Retarded psychomotor development
Diffuse abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting Microcytic anemia with basophilic stippling |
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Acute Ethylene glycol exposure
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Antifreeze
Acute renal tubular necrosis |
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Acute Methanol exposure
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Acute CNS depression
Acidosis Blindness |
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Acute Kerosene exposure
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GI and respiratory toxicity when ingest
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Organophosphate exposure
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Muscarinic effects, inhibits plasma cholinesterase
Nausea, vomiting, cramps, cough, wheezing, dyspnea, salivation and lacrimation Hypotension, bradycardia ATROPINE reverses |
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Dioxins exposures
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Immunosuppression
Carcinogenic Teratogenic |
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Aflatoxins exposure
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From moldy peanuts due to aspergillus
Hepatocellular carcinoma risk |
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Ergot alkaloids exposure
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Moldy grains, can induce seizure
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Zinc protoporphyrin elevation
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Either
Chronic lead poisoning Anemia of chronic disease Iron deficiency anemia |
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Kwashiorkor vs Marasmus
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Kwashiorker - deficient protein, flaking, depigmented skin, protein intake more reduced. Body weight 60-80% normal. HYPOALBUMINEMIA
Marasmus - Body weight <60% normal with muscle wasting, due to decreased total intake of calories |
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B2 deficiency
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Riboflavin
glossitis, cheilosis and neuropathy |
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Zinc deficiency
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Stunted growth
Vesicular erythematous rash Poor wound healing |
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Carbon monoxide effect
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Hypoxemia
Seen in heating devices or things that burn hydrocarbons or |
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High O2 concentration effect
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Can rarely be toxic to lungs and promote diffuse alveolar damage
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Asbestos exposure
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Long term higher risk of mesothelioma
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Arsenic exposure
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skin cancer
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Benzidine exposure
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Lymphoproliferative disorders
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Chromium exposure
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carcinomas of upper respiratory tract and lung
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Nickel exposure
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Cancers of respiratory tract
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Radiation doses and syndromes
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Cerebral syndrome - hours after massive doses (thousands cGy) - rapid death
Radiosensitive marrow & GI tract (200-700 cGy) - death in weeks to hours Cardiac and skeletal muscle tissue - radioresistant Lung tissue - edema, fibrosis - over YEARS |
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Benzodiazepines treat?
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Alcohol withdrawal acute, long term use disulfiram
Cocaine overdose |
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Naloxone treats?
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Opiate overdose/heroin
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Flumazenil treats?
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Benzodiazepine overdose
It is a GABA competitive antagonist |
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Treating long term heroin withdrawal
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Methadone
Suboxone (naloxone and buprenorphine) - req. injection so lower abuse potential |
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Complications associated with heroin addiction
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Hepatitis
Abcesses Overdose Hemorrhoids AIDS Right sided endocarditis |
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Delirium tremens symtpoms
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Peaks 2-5 days after cessation
In order of appearance ANS hyperactivity - tachydardia, tremors, anxiety, seizures Psychosis (hallucinations, delusions) Confusion Benzodiazepines treat |
