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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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chediak-Higashi Syndrome
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Defect in microtubule polymerization. Causes defects in cytoplasmic granules - delayed fusion of phagosomes+lysosomes -> can't eat bacteria, increased fusion of melanosomes -> albinism, and granular defects in NK cells and platelets
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I-Cell diseases
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defect in phosphorylation of mannose -- catalyzed by N-acetylglucosamine-phosphotransferase.
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Mucolipidosis II
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another name for I-cell disease. defeciency in N-acetylglucosamine-phosphotransferase
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Physical characteristics of I-cell dz?
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skeletal abnormalities, coarse facial features, psychomotor retard.
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Peroxisome def.
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no peroxisome/ bad function. fail to oxidize Very long chain FA's, accumulate bile acid precursors. disorders: Zellweger, Neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy, infantile refsum dz, hyperpipecolatemia.
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Hyperproinsulinemia
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from defect in golgi cleavage of proinsulin. get non-insulin dependant DM.
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Intermediate filaments:--where r they found--
Cytokeratins Desmin Vimentin Neurofilaments Glial fibrillary acidic protein |
Cytokeratin - in epithelial tissue
Desmin - in sm. muscle + Z disks of skeletal and cardiac muscle Vimentin - in cells of mesenchymal origins (endothelium, fibroblasts, chondroblasts, vascular sm. muscle) Neurofib - in neurons Glial - in astrocytes |
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Pemphigus
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AI disorder - causes disruption of desmosomes linking keratinocytes. -- splits up cells above the basement membrane - IN THE EPIDERMIS
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Bullous Pemphigoid
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AI disorder - SPLITS cells at DERMAL/EPIDERMAL junction. Will see IgG against antigen in lamina lucida.
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Eisenmenger complex
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VSD - initially left-to right (NO CYANOSIS) shunt causing pulmonary htn. get very high pulmonary resistance from proliferation of tunica intima/media of pulmonary vessels. Cause right to left shunting and cyanosis.
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tetralogy of fallot
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1) pulmonary stenosis
2) overriding aorta 3) VSD 4) Right ventricular hypertrophy. AP septum fails to align properly/develop. Get right-left shunting of blood with cyanosis. |
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fetal right and left umbilical arteries become what in adults?
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medial umbilical ligaments
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medial umbilical ligament
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develop from fetal umbilical arteries
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median umbilical ligament
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remnant of the urachus
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fetal umbilical vien
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becomes the ligamentus teres in adults
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fetal hematopoesis -- sequence of organs involved
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1) Yolk Sac
2) Liver 3) Spleen 4) Thymus 5) Bone marrow |
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patent ductus arteriosus
--what keeps it open in fetus? |
Prostaglandin E and neonatal asphyxia
seen in premie's and maternal rubella infections. PDA=LEFT-to-RIGHT shunt! - pulls O2 blood into lungs! |
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Drugs to close patent ductus arteriosus?
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prostaglandin inhibitors: indomethacin, acetylcholine, histamine, catecholamines ...
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Insertion of iliopsoas?
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From transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae - to LESSER TROCHANTER of FEMUR
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Function of iliopsoas?
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Chief flexor of hip!
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Spermatic Fascias - where are they derived from?
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External oblique - makes external spermatic fascia
Internal oblique fascia - makes cremasteric muscle/fascia Transveralis fascia - makes internal spermatic fascia |
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What is the arcuate line?
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Between umbilicus and pubic symphisis - horizontal.
Defines where rectus abdominis muscle is not surrounded by aponeurotic fibers below that point. Above this, the rectus abdominis has equal posterior and anterior layers to the rectus sheath |
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Roof of inguinal canal?
Anterior wall of canal? Floor? Posterior wall? |
Roof - Internal abdominal oblique and transverse abdominal muscle
Anterior - External oblique and int. abdomal oblique tissue Floor - Inguinal ligament Posterior - transversalis fascia |
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Epiploic foramen of winslow - what does it allow connectin between?
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Greater and lesser omental / bursae
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Finger in epiploic foramen touches what anteriorly and what posteriorly?
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Anter: Hepatoduodenal ligament
poster: IVC |
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What are peritoneal organs?
What does secondary retroperitoneal mean? |
stomach, liver/gallbladder, spleen, beginning of duodenum, tail of pancreas, jejunum, ileum, appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon.
Secondary retro means that organs were initially free -- then got attached to peritoneal wall and became retro. |
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Which are secondary retroperitoneal organs?
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most of duodenum, most of pancreas, ascending/descending colon, upper rectum
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Which are primary retroperitoneal organs?
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Kidny, adrenals, ureter, aorta, IVC, lower rectum, anal canal.
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What is in hepatoduodenal ligament?
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Common bile duct, proper hepatic artery, hepatic portal vien
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What is in falciform ligament?
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Ligamentum teres.
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what is ligamentum teres?
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old umbilical vien! Now in falciform ligament where liver meets the abdominal wall. Should not normally see on x-ray!
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What makes up the lesser omentum?
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Hepatoduodenal lig. and hepatogastric lig.
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Campylobacter and Influenza - what is a possible complication?
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Guillain-Barre syndrome
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Helicobacter triad treatment?
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Amoxicillin + clarithromycin + PPI (omeprazole)
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MacConkey Agar - differentiates what kind of bacteria?
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Enterobacteriacaea - determines which are lactose fermenting.
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Which are enterobacteria are lactose fermenting?
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CEEK - Citrobacter, E.Coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella
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Which enterobacteria are nonlactose fermenters?
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Shigella + Yersinia (non H2S producers, non motile)
Proteus+Salmonella (Motile, H2S producers) |
