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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the subsets of AKI and what defines them?
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- Prerenal: ↓ RBF
- Intrinsic: Renal parenchymal damage - Postrenal: Urinary tract obstruction |
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Rank the types of AKI in terms of frequency (most frequent to least frequent)
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Prerenal (70%) > Intrinsic (25%) > Postrenal (5%)
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What is the way by which AKI is stratified?
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RIFLE:
- Risk - Injury - Failure - Loss - ESRD |
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What is azotemia?
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Elevated BUN and Cr
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What are the key things to monitor for a patient with AKI?
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- Daily weights / Intake, Output
- BP - Serum electrolytes - Hb/Hct - Infection |
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What are laboratory findings in rhabdomyolysis?
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- ↑ CPK
- ↑ K+ - ↑ Uric acid - ↓ Ca2+ |
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How is rhabdomyolysis treated?
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- IVF
- Mannitol (osmotic diuretic) - Bicarbonate (K+ back into cells) |
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What are the types of ATN?
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- Ischemic ATN
- Nephrotoxic ATN |
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What are the basic tests for the workup of postrenal failure?
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- PE: Palpate bladder
- US: Obstruction / hydronephrosis - Catheter: Large volume of urine |
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What is the course of progression of ATN?
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1. Oliguric
2. Diuretic 3. Recovery |
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How is the Dx of AKI usually made?
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Elevated BUN and Cr
(Most patients asympomatic) |
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What kind renal pathology is indicated by WBC casts in urinalysis?
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Renal parenchymal inflammation
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What kind of renal pathology is indicated by fatty casts in urinalysis?
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Nephrotic syndrome
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When would a renal ultrasound be ordered for diagnostic purposes?
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Exclude urinary tract obstruction
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What are the most common mortal complications of the early phase of AKI?
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- Hyperkalemic cardiac arrest
- Pulmonary edema |
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What are the metabolic changes seen in AKI?
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- Hyperkalemia
- Anion gap metabolic acidosis - Hypocalcemia - Hyponatremia - Hyperphosphatemia - Hyperuricemia |
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How can radiographic contrast media affect the kidney?
How can this be prevented? |
Can cause ATN:
- Spasm of afferent arteriole Prevent w/ saline hydration |
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What are the most common causes of CKD?
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- Diabetes
- HTN - Chronic GN |
