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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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increased Reid Index
excess mucus productive cough for three consecutive months to 2 yrs seen in smokers possible cor pumonale |
Chronic Bronchitis
COPD |
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increased sensitivity of bronchioles
Charcot-Leyden crystals or Curschmans spirals wheezing treat with B-agonist and steroids |
Asthma
COPD |
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Decreased elastic recoil, dilated and damaged alveoli
may be assoc. with hereditary a1 antitrypsin deficiency dyspnea, barrel shaped chest, expiration thru pursed lips |
Emphysema
COPD |
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caused by bronchial obstruction or infection
dilated airways in lower lobes cough w/ purulent sputum; hemopytosis; cyanosis seen in CF patients or those with Kartageners syn |
Bronchiectasis
COPD |
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intra-alveolar exudate leading to consolidation
CXR shows radio-opaque lobe involvement fever, dyspnea, productive cough |
Lobar Pnuemonia
Pneumococcus (S.pnuemoniae) |
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multilobar involvement; neutrophil exudate extends from bronchii
CXR shows patchy opacities Fever, dyspnea, and productive cough |
Bronchopneumonia
Staph. aureus, H. influenza, S. pyogenes |
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multilobar involvement; neutrophil exudate extends from bronchii
CXR shows patchy opacities Fever, dyspnea, and productive cough seen in patients with alcoholism |
Bronchopneumonia
Klebsiella |
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diffuse infiltrate in alveolar wall, patchy; no consolidation
abrupt onset of fever, gradual paroxysmal cough w/ Rales at PE positive cold agglutinin test usually affects young adults |
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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pulmonary hemorrahge, anemia, glomerulonephritis
anti basement membrane antibodies affects middle aged males P/W hemoptysis; hematuria CXR bilateral fluffy infiltrates |
Goodpastures Syndrome
ILD |
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*Chronic Inflammation of the alveolar wall
Fibrosis; csytic spaces usually occurs in the sixth genration of life *Honeycomb lung fatal within years |
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
ILD |
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Interstitial fibrosis, uveitis, polyarthritis
*Dx based on biopsy showing non- caseating granulomatous lesions *MC affects Young black females may p/w dyspnea on exertion, dry cough, fever, fatigue and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy |
Sarcoidosis
ILD |
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prolonged exposure to organic antigens in atopic individuals
interstitial inflammation alveolar damage leads to chronic, fibrotic lung affects those with occupational history of farming or bird keeping p/w dry cough, chest tightness, general malaise and fever |
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
ILD |
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presence of Langerhans like cells and Birbeck granules; subset of histiocytosis X
former smokers are at risk shows lesions in lung or ribs; pnuemothorax |
Eosinophilic granuloma
ILD |
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Carbon dust ingested by alveolar macrophages
*visible black deposits usually asymptomatic seen in smokers and urban dwellers |
Anthracosis
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fibroblast proliferation and interstitial fibrosis of the lower lobes
disease specific bodies and ferruginous bodies pleural plaques and effusions increased risk of bronchiogenic carcinoma and malignant mesothelioma synergistic effects of disease causing agent and tobacco |
Asbestosis
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Carbon dust ingested by alveolar macrophages forms bronchiolar macules
may progress to fibrosis plaques are asymptomatic, often benign but may progress to fibrosis may be fatal due to pulmonary hypertension and *cor pumonale |
Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis
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silica dust is ingested by alveolar macrophages causing release of harmful enzymes
silicotic nodules that may obstruct air or blood flow concurrent TB is common seen in miners, stone cutters, and glass production |
Silicosis
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induction of cell mediated immunity leads to non-caseating granulomas
several organ systems are affected; histologically identical to sarcoidosis increases lung cancer |
Berylliosis
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most common oppurtunistic infection in AIDS patients
diffuse atypical pneumonia extesnive pink alveolar exudate but minimal inflammation GMS stain demonstrates organism |
P. carinii
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hyaline membranes
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ARDS
NRDS |
