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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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all pts with a (+) FOBT need a ___.
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colonoscopy
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which type of inflammatory bowel disease leads to an increased risk of colorectal cancer?
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both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease
(UC > Crohn's) |
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what are the characteristics of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)?
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autosomal dominant
hundreds of adenomatous polyps in colon colon (100%), duodenum (90%) |
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what is the risk of CRC in those with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)?
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risk of CRC is 100% by 3rd/4th decade of life
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what is the recommended treatment in someone with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)?
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prophylactic colectomy
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what are the (5) characteristics of Gardner's syndrome?
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colon polyps + skull osteomas
dental abnormalities benign soft tissue tumors desmoid tumors sebaceous cysts |
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what are desmoid tumors?
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benign, slow-growing tumors without any metastatic potential
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what is an osteoma?
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a new piece of bone usually growing on another piece of bone
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what is a sebaceous cyst?
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a closed sac below the skin with a lining that resembles the uppermost part (infundibulum) of a hair follicle and fills with sebum
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what is the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Gardner's syndrome?
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100% by 40 years
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what are the characteristics of Turcot's syndrome?
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autosomal recessive
polyps cerebellar medulloblastoma or glioblastoma multiforme |
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what is a medulloblastoma?
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a highly malignant primary brain tumor that originates in the cerebellum or posterior fossa
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what is glioblastoma multiforme?
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the most common and most aggressive type of primary brain tumor in humans
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what are the characteristics of Peutz-Jaghers?
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hamartomas throughout the GI tract
pigmented spots (oral, genital, palmar) incr incidence of misc. carcinomas incr risk of intussusception/GI bleeding |
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what is familial juvenile polyposis coli?
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rare
presents in childhood small risk of CRC 10-100's of juvenile colon polyps |
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what are the (2) types of hereditary nonpolyposis CRC (HNPCC)?
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Lynch syndrome I:
- early onset CRC - no preceding muliple polyposis Lynch syndrome II: - (all features of type I) - incr number/early occurrence of other CA's |
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what is the most common presenting symptom in CRC?
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abdominal pain
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what's the mcc of large bowel obstruction in adults?
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colorectal cancer
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what is the most life-threatening presentation of CRC?
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colonic perforation
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what is the characteristic triad of R-sided CRC?
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anemia
weakness RLQ mass (occasionally) |
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what are (3) common findings of R-sided CRC?
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occult blood in stool
iron deficiency anemia melana |
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what are (4) common findings in L-sided CRC?
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signs of obstruction mc
change in bowel habits (alternating constipation/diarrhea) "pencil stools" hematochezia |
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what percentage of CRC's are rectal?
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20-30%
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what are (3) common findings in rectal CA?
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hematochezia
rectal mass tenesmus (secondary to mass) |
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what is tenesmus?
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feeling of incomplete defecation
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when do you give adjuvent therapy in CRC?
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Duke's C (colon):
- post-op chemo (5-FU and leucovorin) - radiation not effective Duke's B2 or C (rectal): - post-op chemo (5-FU) - post-op radiation (rectal = radiation) |
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what should be done for CRC txt follow-up?
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stool guaiac test
annual CT and CXR for 5 yrs colonoscopy at 1 yr then every 3 CEA levels |
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what are hyperplastic colon polyps?
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benign
non-malignant most common neoplastic polyp (90%) small asymptomatic (usually) |
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what are juvenile colon polyps?
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benign
non-malignant children <10 yo highly vascular should be removed |
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what type of polyp is associated with ulcerative colitis?
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inflammatory (pseudo-) polyps
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what are the (3) types of adenomatous polyps?
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tubular - smallest risk of malignancy (mc 60-80%)
tubulovillous - intermediate risk villous - greatest risk of malignancy |
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how does adenomatous polyp size determine malignancy potential?
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larger the polyp, the greater the malignancy potential
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how does adenomatous polyp shape determine malignancy potential?
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sessile (flat): more likely to be malignant
pedunculated (stalk): less likely |
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where is the most common place for a polyp to be found?
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rectosigmoid region
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what type of endocarditis is assd with colorectal cancer?
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streptococcus bovis
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