Step-Reaction Polymerization Or Polycondensation Reactions

Front 1

Thermosetting plastic

High resilience foam

Seal and Gasket

Wheel and tires roller coaster

Back 1

Polyurethane

Front 2

Use to manufacture Spandex

Self healing property

Coating for boats

Back 2

Polyurea

Front 3

Thiokol

Solvent-resistant

Elastomers have limited use because of their foul odor

Back 3

Polysulfides (Williamson condensation)

Front 4

First synthetic elastomer

Back 4

Thiokol

Front 5

PPS - Poly(phenylene sulfide)

Engineering plastic

Solvent-resistant plastic

Useful in high-temperature service

Back 5

Polysulfide (Wurtz condensation)

Front 6

PPE - poly(phenylene ether)

PPO - poly(phenylene oxide)

engineering thermoplastic

print cartridge

automotive item

sterilizable instrument

Back 6

Polyether

Front 7

PPE

Back 7

poly(ethylene ether)

Front 8

PPO

Back 8

poly(ethylene oxide)

Front 9

aka acetals, polyacetals, polyformaldehyde

Co-polymerization of formaldehyde ans ethyl oxide

Back 9

Aliphatic polyethers

Front 10

Aliphatic polyethers

Pure formaldehyde DOES NOT READILY polymerized, it DOES NOT spontaneously depolymerizes, or unzips.

Back 10

FALSE - readily polymerizes

FALSE - spontaneously depolymerizes

Front 11

Capping the end groups by ACIDIFICATION of the HYDROXYL end groups, PREVENTS the ZIPPING of the polymer chain.

Back 11

FALSE - acetylation

TRUE - hydroxyl

TRUE - prevents

FALSE - unzipping

Front 12

This variation allowed enhanced stabilization against thermal depolymerization.

Back 12

Co-polymerization of formaldehyde and ethyl oxide.

Front 13

Employed in plumbing and irrigation because they resist scale accumulation.

Back 13

POMS

Front 14

LOW molecular epoxy resins are produced by the CONDENSATION of EPICHLOROHYDRIN and DIHYDROXY compounds such as bisophenol A

Back 14

TRUE - low

TRUE - condensation

TRUE - epichlorohydrin

TRUE - dihydroxy

Front 15

EPOXY RESIN

May be cured at room temp by the reaction of CYCLIC ANHYDRIDES and at elevated temperature by the reaction with POLYAMIDES.

Back 15

FALSE - polyamides

FALSE - cyclic anhydride

Front 16

Produced by Friedel-Crafts condensation of phenyl sulfonyl chlorides.

Rigid, high-strength, semi-tough, trasparent plastic.

Offers higher heat resistance and better hydrolytic stability than polycarbonate.

Back 16

Poysulfones

Hint 16

Used for ignition components, hair dryers, cook ware, structural foams, fuse encapsulation.

Front 17

Trifunctional phenol WOULDN'T produce network polymers.

Back 17

FALSE - would

Front 18

Difunctional META-SUBSTITUTED phenols to produce soluble linear polymer use as SOIL RESINS

Back 18

FALSE - ortho- or para-substituted

FALSE - paint resins

Front 19

When functionality of phenol, is reduced to 3 by the incorporation of substituents, the condensation with formaldehyde yields INSOLUBLE thermoplastics.

Back 19

FALSE - 2

FALSE - soluble

Front 20

Aka. Urea-methanal

Problem: releases formaldehyde into the air.

Back 20

Urea formaldehyde resin

Front 21

Synthetic Techniques

Back 21

Melt

Solution

Interfacial

Hint 21

3

Front 22

High melt, bulk melt, and simply bulk or neat.

It is a equilibrium controlled process.

Polymer is formed by driving the reaction toward completion, usually by removal of the by product.

Generally done by a combination of reduced pressure and applied heat.

Back 22

Melt technique

Front 23

MELT TECHNIQUE

Driving force is the elimination of the ______ or ______.

Back 23

Water or HCl

Front 24

Equilibrium process

Reaction often driven by removal of the by product by distillation or by salt formation with added base.

Low temp. are employed.

Back 24

Solution technique

Front 25

Solution technique:

Reactants generally must be LESS reactive in comparison with the melt technique.

Back 25

FALSE - more

Front 26

Many of the reactions can be carried out under essentially nonequilibrium conditions.

This technique is heterophasic.

Back 26

Interfacial technique

Front 27

With two fast-reacting reactants dissolved in a pair of immiscible liquids.

Back 27

Heterophasic

Front 28

INTERFACIAL TECHNIQUE:

Organic phase consists:

- a Lewis acid - __________ (1)

- organic solvent - ________ (3)

The aqueous phase typically contains the Lewis base: (3)

Back 28

Acid chloride

Toluene, octane, or pentane

diol, diamine, or dithiol

Front 29

Many SYNTHETIC AND some NATURALLY OCCURRING polymers are produced by condensation reactions which follow the kinetics pf step-reaction polymerization.

Back 29

FALSE - naturally occurring

FALSE - synthetic

Front 30

Technique used to produce network polymers.

Back 30

Step-reaction polymerization

Front 31

Few useful linear polymers that may be synthesized by step reactions.

Back 31

Polyesters

Polycarbonates

Polyamides

Polyurethanes

Polyureas

Polysulfides

Polyoxides

Polysulfones

Hint 31

8

Front 32

Since the fractional conversions are very high, the rate constant k is essentially CHANGED as the reactions proceed through:

dimers

tetramers

octamers

oligomers

higher molecular weight polymers

Back 32

FALSE - unchanged

Front 33

The rate constant increases with temperature in accordance with ________.

Back 33

Arrhenius equation

Front 34

Produced by thermal decomposition of pure salts of the diamine and dicarboxylic acid reactants.

Back 34

High molecular weight polyamides (nylon 66)

Front 35

Melting point of polyamides DECREASES as the number of methylene groups in the reactants INCREASES ot if pendant groups are present.

Introduction of NON-STIFFENING GROUPS such as phenylene groups INCREASES the melting point.

Back 35

TRUE

TRUE

FALSE - stiffening

TRUE

Front 36

Produced by the room temperature reaction of a diisocyanate with a dihydric alcohol or a diamine.

Back 36

Polyurethanes and polyurea

Front 37

Produced by a Williamson (aliphatic reactants) and Wurtz (aromatic reactants) condensation.

Back 37

Polysulfides

Front 38

Produced by low-temperature oxidative coupling of hindered phenols.

Back 38

Polyoxide

Front 39

Produced by Friedel-Crafts condensation of phenyl sulfonyl chlorides.

Back 39

Polysulfones

Front 40

Produced by condensation of epichlorihydrin and dihydroxy compounds such as bisphenol A.

Back 40

Low molecular epoxy resin.

Front 41

Epoxy resin (prepolymer) contains

Back 41

hydroxyl pendant groups

epoxy end groups

Front 42

Epoxy can be cured at room temp by _____

cured at elevated temp by ______

Back 42

reaction w/ polyamides

reaction w/ cyclic anhydride

Front 43

When the functionality of phenol, urea, or melamine is reduced to 2 by the incorporation of substituents, the condensation w/ formaldehyde yields __________

Back 43

soluble thermoplastics