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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Carbonic anhydrase
a. site of action b . Indications c. Adverse |
a. prox tubule, prevents bicarb reabs
b. glaucoma, epilepsy, alt sickness, metabolic alkalosis c. metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, nephrolithiasis |
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Mannitol/urea
a. site of action b . Indications c. Adverse |
A. prox convuluted, loope of henle, collecting
b. increased ICP, acute renal failure c. relative hypernatremia |
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Loops
a. site of action b . Indications c. Adverse |
a. ascending loop
b. CHF, Pulm edema, hypercalcemia c. ototoxic, hyperuricemia, hypocalcemia, hypokalemia |
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Thiazides
a. site of action b . Indications c. Adverse |
a. DCT
b. HTN, CHF, hypercalcuria, DI c. Hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia |
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K sparing diuretics
a. site of action b . Indications c. Adverse |
a. collecting tubules
b. Secondary hyperaldosteronism, CHF, K preserving diuresis c. Gynecomastia, menstrual irreegs, hyperkalemia |
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Types of renal stones - causes
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Calcium oxalate
Struvite -UTI Calcium phosphate - hyperPTH, RTA Uric acid -acid/conc urine, chemo, gout Cystine - Cystinuria, AA transport defects |
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Differential for adult hematuria
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INEPT GUN
Idiopathic Neoplasm (bladder, kidney, prostate) Exercise PCKD Trauma Glomerular disease (nephritic/nephrotic) UTI Nephrolithiasis |
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Mnemonic for Nephritic Syndromes
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PIG WAIL
Post infectious GN IgA nephropathy Goodpasture's Wegner's Alport Idiotpathic Crescentic GN Lupus Nephritis |
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Mnemonic for Nephrotic syndromes
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Most Dogs Find Meat Mesmerizing
Minimal change Diabetic nephropathy FSGS MGN MPGN |
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Type I RTA
a. defect b. cause c. Urine pH d. serum electrolytes e. radiology f. treatment |
a. Impaired H secretion --> secondary hyperaldonism
b. many c. urine pH >5.3 d. low K e. possible stones f. oral HCO3, K, thiazide |
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Type 2 RTA
a. defect b. cause c. Urine pH d. serum electrolytes e. radiology f. treatment |
a. Defect in HCO3 reabsorption
b. Mult myeloma, fanconi, wilson's, amyloidosis, vit D def, autoimmune c. <5.3 d. Low K, HCO3 e. Bone lesions f. Oral bicarb, loop or thiazide, K |
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Type 4 RTA
a. defect b. cause c. Urine pH d. serum electrolytes e. radiology f. treatment |
a. aldo deficiency (primary or secondary)
b. DM, addison's, sickle cell, interstitial disease c. <5.3 d. High K, Cl e f. Fudrocortisone, K restriction |
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Causes of high gap metabolic acidosis
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MUDPILES
Methanol Uremia DKA Paraldehyde Isoniazid Lactic acidosis Ethylene glycol Salicylates |
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Acid base compensations
Metabolic acidosis |
PCO2 = 1.5(HCO3) +8 +/- 2
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Acid base compensations
Acute respiratory acidosis |
expected pH decrease = 1/10 x0.08x(PCO2-40)
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Causes of metabolic alkalosis
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Vomiting
Diuretics Hyperaldosteronism, cushings, adrenal hyperplasia |
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Acid base compensations
Chronic respiratory acidosis |
pH decrease = 1/10 x 0.03 x (PCO2-40)
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Acid base compensations
Acute respiratory alkalosis |
expected pH increase = 1/10 x .08 x (PCO2-40)
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Acid base compensations
Chronic respiratory alkalosis |
expected pH increase = 1/10 x 0.03 x (PCO2-40)
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6 causes of hypernatremia
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Diuretics
Dehydration DI Docs Diarrhea Disease of kidney (hyperaldo) |
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Causes of hyperkalemia
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CRAMP KIT
Catabolism of tissues (trauma, chemo, radiation) Renal Failure Aldo deficiency Metabolic acidosis Pseudohyperkalemia K sparing diuretics Insulin deficiency Tubular (RTA type 4) |
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Causes of hypercalcemia
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CHIMPANZEES
Calcium supplementation HyperPTH Immobility Milk alkali Paget's Addison's neoplasm ZE syndrome Excess vit A Excess vit D Sarcoidosis |
