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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hemolysis/Hemorrhage will show what on the CBC?
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Retic index>2.5
Absolute Retic Count > 75000 What type of anemia do you suspect? |
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Chronic Disease/Renal Failure/Hypothyroidism will show what on the CBC?
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Retic index<2.5
Absolute Retic Count < 75000 Normocytic/Normochromic MCV 80-95 What type of anemia do you suspect? |
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Fe Deficiency/Thallassemia will show what on the CBC?
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Retic index<2.5
Absolute Retic Count < 75000 Microcytic MCV < 80, MCV < 60 What type of anemia do you suspect? |
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B12/Folate Deficiency will show what on the CBC?
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Retic index<2.5
Absolute Retic Count < 75000 Macrocytic MCV > 95 What type of anemia do you suspect? |
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What are the ferritin/TIBC values in Fe deficiency anemia?
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Low Fe
High TIBC Low Ferritin What type of anemia? |
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What are the Ferritin/TIBC levels in anemia of chronic disease?
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Low Fe
Low TIBC NL/High Ferritin What type of anemia do you suspect? |
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What type of Hb is prevalent in B-thalassemia?
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HbF-a2y2
HbA2-a2g2 These Hb are elevated in which thalassemia? |
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What type of Hb is prevalent in a-thalassemia?
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HbBart-y4
HbH-B4 These Hb are elevated in which thalassemia? |
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What are the electrophoresis findings of B Thalassemia Minor vs Major?
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Which thalassemia will be mostly HbA, and which one will be mostly HbF?
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Which type of thalassemia shows target cells and basophillic stippling?
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B-thalassemia has what appearance of RBCs?
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Hair-on-end appearance of the skull x-ray or chipmunk facies is associated with which thalassemia?
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What skeletal changes are associated with B-thalassemia?
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What is the treatment for sideroblastic anemia? What causes this anemia?
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Pyridoxine is the treatment for which anemia caused by lead poisoning?
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Low Hct with very low MCV is the only finding in which thalassemia?
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a-thalassemia trait is often so mild that it has only which abnormal labs?
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Wrist/foot drop are signs of 3 diseases?
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Lead poisoning
Lyme Disease Polyarteritis Nodosa They have what finding in common? |
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What is the cause of an increased erythrocyte protoporphyrin?
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Lead poisoning will increase what RBC substance?
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At what blood level do you treat PB poisoning with the following?
(1) Activated Charcoal (2) DMSA Succimer (3) EDTA+BAL Dimercaprol |
What is the appropriate treatment for a blood Pb level of...
(1) <25 (2) 25-70 (3) >70 |
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Hypersegmented neutrophils are associated with what type of anemia?
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Megaloblastic anemia from B12/Folate deficiency has what appearance of neutrophils?
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Diphyllobothrium Latum has what type of eggs found in stool? What condition does it cause and how do you treat?
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What tapeworm causes B12 defic anemia and has eggs with an operculum/lid-like opening? Treat with praziquantel.
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The coomb's test is IgG and C3 positive- what type of autoimmune hemolytic anemia do you have?
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Warm antibody induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia has what coomb's results?
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What is the treatment for warm antibody induced hemolytic anemia?
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Try steroids and a splenectomy before cyclophosphamide/cyclosporin to immunosupress in what type of hemolytic anemia?
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What is the treatment for cold antibody induced hemolytic anemia?
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Skip splenectomy and steroids. Try cyclophosphamide/cyclosporin to immunosupress in what type of hemolytic anemia?
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IgG against Rh antigen
(+) IgG and C3 Coomb's (-) cold agglutinin What type of hemolytic anemia? |
Warm Ab induced hemolytic anemia shows what Ab, Coomb's, and cold agglutinin results?
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IgM against I antigen
(-) IgG and (+) C3 Coomb's (+) cold agglutinin What type of hemolytic anemia? |
Cold Ab induced hemolytic anemia shows what Ab, Coomb's, and cold agglutinin results?
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What coomb's test result will occur with hereditary spherocytosis? How do you confirm?
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A negative coomb's test with confirmatory osmotic fragility test suggests a diagnosis of what condition?
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Microangiopathic Hemolytic anemia has what characteristic finding on peripheral blood smear?
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Fragmented RBC's (schistocytes and helmet cells) will lead you to think about what type of anemia?
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What are the 5 causes of Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia?
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TTP
HUS DIC HELLP Prosthetic Heart Valve Any of these conditions can cause what type of anemia? |
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TTP is the anemia with what distinct symptom?
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Neurological changes can be seen with which hemolytic anemia?
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Bite cells can occur during episodic hemolysis after oxidative stress (infection/drugs) in patients with what condition?
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G6PD deficiency has what type of cells on peripheral smear after an episode of hemolysis?
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What type of gallstones do sickle cell patients get?
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Calcium bilirubinate gallstones are seen in patients with what condition due to chronic hemolysis?
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Why is Hydroxyurea prescribed to patients with sickle cell anemia?
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What medication increases the amount of HbF (which does not sickle easily)?
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What is the aa changed in HbS? In HbC?
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Valine replaces glutamic acid at position 6 of the b-chain in which Hb? Lysine replaces glutamic acid at position 6 of the b-chain in which Hb?
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In sickle cell anemia, you would see what distribution of Hb?
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75-85% HbS
2-20% HbF 2-4% HbA2 Which sickle cell condition? |
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In sickle cell trait, you would see what distribution of Hb?
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40% HbS
60% HbA Which sickle cell condition? |
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In sickle cell disease, you would see what distribution of Hb?
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50% HbS
50% HbC Which sickle cell condition? |
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Children diagnosed with sickle cell anemia should be on what medication until age 5?
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Penicillin should be given to newly diagnosed sickle cell anemia kids until what age?
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Why does physiologic anemia of infancy happen?
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Erythropoesis decreases due to increased tissue oxygen level at birth. This causes what?
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What test is used to screen for hemochromatosis?
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A transferrin saturation level > 50% with elevated ferritin is suggestive of what condition?
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Myelodisplastic syndrome has what type of cells on peripheral blood smear?
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Hypogranular neutrophils with bilobed nucleus (Pelger-Huet cells) are seen on the peripheral blood smear in what disease?
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What is the treatment for Hairy Cell Leukemia?
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Cladribine (2-CDA) is the treatment for what type of B-Lymphocyte cancer?
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Flow cytometry shows absence of CD59 cells- what do you suspect?
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Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria has what finding on flow cytometry?
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Sucrose lysis test or Ham lysis test can be used to screen for what?
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You suspect Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, what should you order?
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Hemosiderin will be present in the urine of patients with what condition?
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Besides hemoglobinuria, patients with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria also have what in the urine?
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Hypocellular bone marrow is seen in what condition?
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Aplastic Anemia has what finding on bone marrow biopsy?
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IgG autoantibody binds to platelets which then get destroyed in the spleen. What disease is this?
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Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura is caused by what?
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In ITP, a patient should be given a splenectomy when?
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What should you do for patients with ITP when they need a high dose of prednisone to maintain platelet levels?
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What vaccinations are necessary prior to a splenectomy?
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Pneumococcal and H. Inf vaccines should be given to patients especially before undergoing what procedure?
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HIT Type I is self limited, thus requiring no treatment, and heparin can still be used. When does it usually occur?
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Which Type of HIT occurs soon after starting therapy? What is the treatment?
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HIT Type II patients suffer from symptoms when? Switch to Danaproid/Lepirudin/Hirudin/Argatroban if anticoagulation is still necessary.
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5-15 days after starting anticoagulation, patients with which type of HIT will experience symptoms? What should you do?
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Prolonged bleeding time
Normal platelet count PTT may increase What's your diagnosis? |
vonWillibrand factor deficiency affects platelet adhesion and aggregation, leading to what lab values?
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Level of vWF is measured by what tests?
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Factor VIII (8) Antigen or Ristocetin cofactor activity will be LOW in what disease?
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What is the treatment for vWF bleeding?
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Desmopressin, followed by factor concentrate for refractory bleed, is the treatment for what condition?
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If PT/PTT is 1.5x normal, what do you need to transfuse?
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Give FFP at what PT/PTT values?
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What are the intrinsic tissue factors?
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XII, XI, IX, VIII
(12, 11, 9, 8) Which tissue factors? |
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What are the extrinsic tissue factors?
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VII
(7) What tissue factors? |
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The intrinsic factors affect ___, while the extrinsic factors affect ___.
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Prolonged PTT will be seen with the ___ factors, while prolonged PT will be seen with ____ factors.
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What are the Vit K dependent factors?
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II, VII, IX, X
(2, 7, 9, 10) Which factors are these? |
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When PT and PTT are not corrected by a mixing study with normal plasma, what may be the problem?
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Circulating anticoagulant (Factor VIII Ab, Lupus Anticoagulant) is detected by what finding in the labs?
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Clot solubility test in 5M urea is used to detect a deficiency with what factor?
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What finding is abnormal in Factor XIII deficiency?
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What is the treatment for Hemophilia A?
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Factor VIII Concentrate is given to which hemophilia?
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What is the treatment for Hemophilia B?
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Factor IX Concentrate is given to which hemophilia?
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Hemophilias often present with spontaneous bleeds where?
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Spontaneous bleeding in the joints is a common presentation of what disease?
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If both PT and PTT are prolonged, there is a defect in what? What conditions show this?
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The final common pathway is affected in DIC, Liver disease, or Vit K deficiency. What will the PT and PTT be?
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Increased Fibrinogen Degredation Product (D-Dimer) is seen in what clotting factor deficiency?
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In DIC, what lab value increases?
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FFP is given to supplement clotting factors while cryoprecipitate is given to supplement fibrinogen in what condition?
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In DIC, why is FFP given? Why is Cryoprecipitate given?
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What is the most common congenital cause of a hypercoaguable state?
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Factor V Leiden causes what blood state?
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Migratory Superficial Thrombophlebitis (Trousseau's Syndrome) is associated with what cancer?
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A venous thrombosis in a superficial vein, especially in an unusual site like chest/arm, is known by what other name? It is often associated with pancreatic CA.
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Hct > 50%
High WBC High Platelets Decreased Erythropoetin What's your diagnosis? |
Polycythemia vera is a myeloproliferative disorder where you would see what lab values?
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Thrombocytosis can be treated with what?
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Hydroxyurea can be used to treat an increased platelet count, also known as what condition?
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What is the treatment for Henoch Schonlein Purpura?
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After a URI, a child is susceptible to what condition that is self limited and therefore requires no treatment?
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Bone marrow biopsy is hypercellular with > 30% blasts. What do you suspect?
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What would you see on the bone marrow biopsy of a kid with ALL?
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Terminal deoxy nucleotidal transferase (TdT) is the surface marker found on cells of patients with what condition?
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Patients with ALL have what cell surface marker?
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What is the chromosomal abnormality in patients with ALL?
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t(9:22) carries a better prognosis than t(4:11) in patients with what condition?
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What is the chromosomal abnormality in patients with AML?
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Monosomy 5 and 7 is seen in the cells of people with what condition?
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What is the treatment for AML?
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Cytarabine/Doxorubicin/then BM transplant are used to treat which leukemia?
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What is the treatment for ALL?
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Vincristin/MTX/then irradiation are used to treat which leukemia?
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A WBC count > 100,000 with < 5% blasts is hallmark for which leukemia?
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CML has what hallmark finding on CBC?
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bcr/abl fusion gene +/- Philadelphia chromosome t(9:11) is associated with which leukemia?
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CML has what chromosomal abnormality?
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What is the treatment for CML?
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Imatinib mesylate is the treatment for which leukemia?
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Your patient complains of sternal tenderness. What should you think of?
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CML often presents with what complaint?
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WBCs > 20,000 mostly mature, expressing CD19 and CD5 cell markers. What do you think?
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CLL patients have what cell markers on all of their B-lymphocytes?
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Painless cervical lymphadenopathy in young children that spreads contiguously should make you think of what?
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Hodgkin's Lymphoma can present with what type of lymph nodes?
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Large bi-nucleate cells are also known as what, and are found in what condition?
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Reed-Sternberg cells are seen in Hodgkin's lymphoma. What do they look like?
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Uniform small cells with scant cytoplasm are seen on LN biopsy of what patients?
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Burkitt's (Non-Hodgkin's) Lymphoma has what appearance of cells on LN biopsy?
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Translocation of proto-oncogene c-myc from chromosome 8 to 14 is seen with what lymphoma?
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Burkitt's (Non-Hodgkin's) Lymphoma has what chromosomal abnormality?
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Bence Jones Proteins only appear in what urine test? They are seen with what disease?
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Multiple myeloma has what finding in urine protein electrophoresis?
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Monoclonal spike in beta or gamma globulin region is associated with what condition?
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Multiple myeloma has what finding in serum protein electrophoresis?
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