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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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unilateral, severe periorbital HA c tearing and conjunctival erythema
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cluster HA
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prophylactic tx for migraine?
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B-blockers, Ca++ channel blockers (CCBs), TCAs
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most common pituitary tumor? tx?
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prolactinoma
dopamine agonists (eg. bromocriptine) |
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55yo pt presents with acute "broken speech." what type of aphasia? what lobe and vascular distribution?
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Broca's aphasia.
Frontal lobe left MCA distribution |
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top 2 causes of sub-arachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)
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Trauma
second most common is berry aneurysm |
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crescent-shaped hyperdensity on CT that does not cross the midline? vascular damage?
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subdural hematoma - bridging veins are torn
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a hx significant for initial altered mental status with an intervening lucid interval. dx? most likely etiology? tx?
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epidural hematoma.
middle meningeal artery. neurosurgical evacuation |
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CSF findings with SAH
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elevated ICP, RBCs, xanthochromia
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albuminocytological dissociation
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Guillain-Barre: (+)protein in CSF with only a modest (+) in cell count
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cold water is flushed into a pt's ear and the fast phase of nystagmus is toward opposite side. nl or pathological?
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normal
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most common 1* sources of metastases to the brain?
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lung
breast skin (melanoma) kidney GI tract MLK BS |
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may be seen in kids accused of inattention in class and confused with ADHD.
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absence seizures
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most frequent presentation of intracranial neoplasm
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HA
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most common cause of seizures in kids (2-10yrs) (name 4)
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infx
febrile seizures trauma idiopathic |
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most common cause of seizures in young adults (18-35yrs) (name 3)
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trauma, etoh w/d, brain tumor
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first-line meds for status epilepticus
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IV benzodiazepines
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confusion, confabulation, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia
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Wernicke's encephalopathy due to thiamine deficiency
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what % of lesion is an indication for carotid endarterectomy?
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70% if the stenosis is symptomatic
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most common causes of dementia?
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Alzheimer's and multi-infarct
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combined UMN and LMN d/o?
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ALS
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rigidity and stiffness with resting tremor and masked facies
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Parkinson's disease
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mainstay of Parkinson's therapy
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levodopa/carbidopa
levodopa = dopamine precursor carbidopa = helps levodopa cross BBB |
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tx for Guillain-Barre syndrome
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IVIG or plasmapheresis
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rigidity and stiffness that progress to choreiform movements, accompanied by moodiness and altered behavior
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Huntington's disease
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a 6yo girl presents with a port-wine stain in the V2 distribution as well as with mental retardation, seizures, and leptomeningeal angioma. dx and tx?
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Sturge-Weber syndrome.
tx symptomatically, possible focal cerebral resection of affected lobe |
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cafe-au-lait spots on skin
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neurofibromatosis 1
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hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility. dx? location of brain lesion?
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Kluver-Bucy syndrome
amygdala |
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administer to a symptomatic pt to dx myasthenia gravis
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edrophonium
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