Step 2 Dit: Endo (Combined)

Front 1

Rx for neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Back 1

Dantrolene
Dopamine agonists (e.g. bromocriptine)

Front 2

common complication of recurrent otitis media

Back 2

hearing loss

Front 3

Rx for DT's

Back 3

long-acting benzos (e.g. chlordiazepoxide)

Front 4

possible auto-antibodies a/w type 1 DM

Back 4

anti insulin (IAA)
anti islet cell cytoplasm (ICA)
anti glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)
anti tyrosine phosphatase (IA-2)

Front 5

what lab test can be used in diabetic px to assess the adequacy of glycemic control over the last 3 months

Back 5

HbA1c

Front 6

leading cause of death in diabetics

Back 6

CV disease

Front 7

why must B-blockers be used with caution in diabetic pts

Back 7

"masks" sympathetic sx's of hypoglycemia

decreases insulin release

Front 8

what can cause hypoglycemia in a non-diabetic px

Back 8

insulinoma (B-cell tumor)
exogenous insulin or sulfonylureas
alcohol
fasting
pituitary/adrenal insufficiency

Front 9

what is the Somogyi effect

Back 9

evening insulin dose is TOO HIGH --> HYPOGLYCEMIA

hypoglycemia --> release of catecholamines

catecholamines --> high glucose in the mornings

Front 10

what is the dawn phenomenon

Back 10

evening dose is TOO LOW --> diminishing insulin

diminishing insulin --> rising glucose (thru the night)

rising glucose --> high glucose in the mornings

Front 11

Rx other than stimulants for ADHD

Back 11

TCA's (e.g. Imipramine, desipramine, & nortriptyline)

bupropion

a2-agonists (e.g. clonidine)

Front 12

3 reasons for involuntary psychiatric hospitalization

Back 12

danger to self

danger to others

gravely disabled (e.g. catatonic schizophrenic)

Front 13

what psychiatric condition occurs when a person travels a long distance and take a new name and has no memore or previous life

Back 13

dissociative fugue

Front 14

what are the DM'c drug classes

Back 14

Sulfonylureas

Thiazolidinediones (TZD's)

Biguanides

Incretin mimetics

DPP-IV inhibitors

a-glucosidase inhibitors

Meglitinides

Front 15

examples of med's within drug class:
Sulfonylureas

Back 15

Glyburide

Glimeperide

Glipizide

Front 16

examples of med's within drug class:
Thiazolidinediones (TZD's)

Back 16

Pioglitazone

Rosiglitazone

Front 17

examples of med's within drug class:
Biguanides

Back 17

Metformin

Front 18

examples of med's within drug class:
Incretin mimetics

Back 18

Exenatide

Liraglutide

Front 19

examples of med's within drug class:
DPP-IV inhibitors

Back 19

Sitagliptin

Saxagliptin

Linagliptin

Front 20

examples of med's within drug class:
a-glucosidase inhibitors

Back 20

Acarbose

Front 21

examples of med's within drug class:
Meglitinides

Back 21

Repaglinide

Nateglinide

Front 22

what skin finding is a sign of insulin resistance

Back 22

acanthosis nigricans

(NOTE: acanthosis nigricans is also a/w occult malignancies)

Front 23

diabetic Rx a/w:
lactic acidosis

Back 23

metformin (rare, but worrisome SE)

Front 24

diabetic Rx a/w:
MC SE is hypoglycemia

Back 24

sulfonylureas

metglitinides

Front 25

diabetic Rx a/w:
oldest and cheapest oral agent

Back 25

sulfonylureas

Front 26

diabetic Rx a/w:
often used in combination with otehr oral agents

Back 26

metformin

Front 27

diabetic Rx a/w:
lowers TG and LDL

Back 27

metformin

Front 28

diabetic Rx a/w:
not safe in HF

Back 28

CHF:
pioglitazone (TZD)
rosiglitazone (TZD)

INCR'D RISK OF MI:
rosiglitazone (TZD)

Front 29

diabetic Rx a/w:
should not be used in px with increased Cr

Back 29

metformin

sulfonylureas

Front 30

diabetic Rx a/w:
avoid in px with inflammatory bowel disease

Back 30

a-glucosidase inhibitors (e.g. acarbose)

Front 31

diabetic Rx a/w:
hepatic serum transaminase levels should be carefully monitored

Back 31

TZD's (glitazones)

metformin

sulfonylureas

Front 32

diabetic Rx a/w:
no weight gain

Back 32

metformin

incretin mimetics (h/w cannot be given PO)

Front 33

diabetic Rx a/w:
metabolized by liver, good choice for those with renal failure

Back 33

TZD's (glitazones)

Front 34

diabetic Rx a/w:
postprandial hyperglycemia

Back 34

a-glucosidase inhibitors (acarbose)

Front 35

what does GLP-1 do

Back 35

decreases glucagon

increases insulin

delays gastric emptying

Front 36

what diabetic Rx increases GLP-1

Back 36

INCRETIN MIMETICS:
exenatide
liraglutide

Front 37

what does DPP-4 do

Back 37

Inhibit GLP-1

Front 38

what diabetic Rx inhibits DPP-4, indirectly increasing GLP-1 (i.e. inhibiting an "inhibitor)

Back 38

DPP-IV Inhibitors = "--gliptins"
(e.g. Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin, Linagliptin)

Front 39

what diabetic Rx is an Amylin analog

Back 39

pramlintide

Front 40

what diabetic Rx can be used for both type 1 and type 2 DM

Back 40

pramlintide

Front 41

how can you Dx metabolic syndrome

Back 41

Any 3 of the following

ABDOMINAL OBESITY (waist circ.): M > 40; F > 35

PRE-HTN: > 130/85

HYPERGLYCEMIA:
FBSG > 100 (or 2hr post PO glucose > 140)

DYSLIPIDEMIA:
TG's > 150
HDL: M < 40; F < 50

Front 42

what diabetic drug should be stopped before performing imaging with IV contrast

Back 42

METFORMIN:
d/c for 24 hrs prior to CT with contrast
re-evaluate renal fxn before re-starting
restart 48 hrs after procedure (if renal fxn is back to baseline)

Front 43

diabetic drug with MOA:
decreases GI absorption or starch and disaccharides

Back 43

a-glucosidase inhibitor (e.g. acarbose)

Front 44

diabetic drug with MOA:
stimulates insulin release

Back 44

sulfonylureas
meglitinides

Front 45

diabetic drug with MOA:
decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis

Back 45

metformin
TZD's (glitazones)

Front 46

diabetic drug with MOA:
increases tissue glucose uptake and improves insulin sensitivity

Back 46

TZD's (glitazones)

Front 47

diabetic drug with MOA:
mimics action of GLP-1

Back 47

INCRETIN MIMETICS:
exenatide
liraglutide

Front 48

diabetic drug with MOA:
inhibits DPP-4

Back 48

DDP-4 INHIBITORS = "--gliptins"
(e.g. Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin, Linagliptin)

Front 49

Which type of insulin is used in continuous infusion insulin pumps & in treatment of DKA

Back 49

regular Insulin (used most commonly)

very rapid-acting (e.g. Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine)

Front 50

What must be kept in mind for a Type I DM'c pt that plans to begin a strenuous exercise program

Back 50

Blood sugar is likely to drop during exercise as muscles take up more glucose

Pts's should always have a readily available source of glucose

Pt's should check glucose levels regularly:
before exercising
every hour during exercise
after exercising

Front 51

definitive tx for subdural and epidural hematoma

Back 51

evacuation with burrhole

Front 52

medication used to Dx symptomatic myasthenia gravis

Back 52

edrophonium (i.e. tensilon test)

Front 53

MCC of seizures in children 2-10 yo

Back 53

febrile
infection
trauma
ideopathic

Front 54

signs and symptoms of DKA

Back 54

metabolic acididosis
vomiting (WITHOUT DIARRHEA)
kussmal breathing
fruity odor on breath
polyuria/polydipsia
mental status change

Front 55

Mgmt of DKA

Back 55

Admit to ICU
IVF's
insulin (until anion gap closes)
glucose (if BG drops before AG closes)
Correct electrolytes (give KCl)
Tx underlying d/o

Front 56

what 2 tests can be used to confirm DKA

Back 56

ABG's
urine ketone

Front 57

how to Dx diabetic gastroparesis

Back 57

gastric emptying study

Front 58

Rx for diabetic gastroparesis

Back 58

DOC = metoclopramide (reglan)
2nd line = erythromycin

Front 59

Rx for proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Back 59

laser photocoagulation

+ glucose control

Front 60

Rx for diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Back 60

gabapentin
pregabalin
duloxetine

+ glucose control

Front 61

anti-HTN've that will reduce proteinuria and slow/prevent diabetic nephropathy

Back 61

ACEIs/ARBs

Front 62

what eye problems are diabetics at increased risk for developing

Back 62

cataracts

glaucoma

retinal detachement

Front 63

What is the equation for anion gap

Back 63

AG = [Na+] - ([Cl-] + [HCO3-])

Front 64

w/u for underlying cause of DKA

Back 64

R/O INFECTION:
blood/urine cultures
CXR
UA & toxicology screen

R/O PANCREATITIS:
amylase
lipase

R/O MI (in pt's > 35-40 y/o):
EKG
troponins x3

Front 65

Rx for tourettes

Back 65

fluphenazine (high-potency neuroleptic)

pimozide

tetrabenazine

Front 66

Dx
muscle rigidity, fever and rhabdomyolysis in schizophrenic px

Back 66

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Front 67

antidiabetic agent a.w lactic acidosis

Back 67

metformin

Front 68

Mgmt of thyroid storm

Back 68

NON-PHARM:
ICU admission (25-50% mortality)
r/o infection (blood/urine cultures)
aggressive hydration (except overt HF)

PHARMACOLOGICAL:
B-blockers (to control adrenergic stimulation)
PTU/methimazole (block new hormone SYNTHESIS)
Iodine (to block T4/T3 RELEASE from gland)
Glucocorticoids (to reduce T4 --> T3 CONVERSION)

Front 69

what Rx should be avoided in a pt with thyroid storm

Back 69

aspirin
(interferes with thyroid protein binding, generating MORE free thyroid)

Front 70

Rx with MOA:
decrease TH synthesis

Back 70

PTU

methimazole

Front 71

Rx with MOA:
decreases release of T4 & T3 from the gland

Back 71

Iodine

Front 72

Rx with MOA:
decreases T4 conversion

Back 72

PTU

glucocorticoids

Front 73

what thyroid abnormalities would you expect to find during pregnancy

Back 73

incr'd TBG --> incr'd total T3 & T4

normal free T3 & free T4

Front 74

Dx
px with exophthalmos

Back 74

graves

Front 75

Rx for graves

Back 75

PHARMACOLOGICAL:
Methimazole or PTU

DEFINITIVE TX'S:
radioactive iodine/ablation
subtotal thyroidectomy

Front 76

which thyroid dysfunction will radioactive iodine most likely result in hypothyroidism

Back 76

GRAVE'S DISEASE:
radioactive iodine is taken up by fxn'l tissue
& in Grave's, the entire gland is hyperfxn'l

NOTE: likely to happen in many thyroid d/o's tx'd with radioactive iodine, but Grave's is most likely b/c hyperfxn'l thyroid

Front 77

what is the FIRST step in a pt with a palpable thyroid nodule

Back 77

Check TSH, FT4
Thyroid US (to measure size and assess for other nodules)

Front 78

what should be done in a pt with a palpable thyroid nodule who's labs reveal hyperthyroid

Back 78

radionucleotide uptake scan

Front 79

what should be done in a pt with a palpable thyroid nodule who's labs reveal euthyroid

Back 79

FNA

Front 80

what should be done in a pt with a palpable thyroid nodule who's labs reveal hypothyroid

Back 80

thyroid replacement

monitor for decrease in nodule size (if nodule persists after thyroid replacement --> FNA)

Front 81

what should be done in a hyperthyroid px with cold radionucleotide uptake scan

Back 81

FNA

Front 82

what should be done in a hyperthyroid px with hot radionucleotide uptake scan

Back 82

tx as hyperthyroidism
(i.e. B-blocker, PTU/Methimazole, Iodide, Glucocorticoids)

Front 83

what should be done if a FNA of thyroid nodule is malignant

Back 83

surgery

Front 84

what should be done if FNA of thyroid nodule is benign

Back 84

repeat US every 6 months

if increase in size --> repeat FNA

Front 85

what should be done if FNA of thyroid nodule is intermediate

Back 85

repeat US every 6 months

if increase in size --> repeat FNA

Front 86

what should be done if FNA of thyroid nodule is nondiagnostic

Back 86

repeat FNA

Front 87

what lab abnormalities necessitate obtaining a thyroid function test to rule out thyroid disease

Back 87

hyperlipidemia
(hypothyroid incr's LDL & total ch'ol)

hyponatremia

elevated CPK

Front 88

hyperthyroidism a/w:
tender thyroid

Back 88

Subacute thyroiditis (aka De Quervain Thyroiditis)

Front 89

hyperthyroidism a/w:
pretibial myxedema

Back 89

graves

Front 90

hyperthyroidism a/w:
pride in recent weight loss

Back 90

exogenous abuse

Front 91

hyperthyroidism a/w:
palpation of single thyroid nodule

Back 91

toxic thyroid adenoma (aka Plummer Ds)

Front 92

hyperthyroidism a/w:
palpation of multiple thyroid nodules

Back 92

multinodular goiter

Front 93

hyperthyroidism a/w:
recent iodine IV contrast study

Back 93

Jod Basedow Phenomenon
(aka iodine-induced hyperthyroidism)

Front 94

hyperthyroidism a/w:
eye changes

Back 94

graves

Front 95

hyperthyroidism a/w:
history or thyroidectomy

Back 95

excess TH replacement

Front 96

lab abnormality a/w bacterial meningitis

Back 96

incr'd WBCs

WITH POSSIBLE:
left shift on CBC (bandemia)
leukopenia
mild hyponatremia

Front 97

RX for DKA

Back 97

IVF's
IV insulin (until AG closes & NO ketones)
IV glucose (prevent hypoglycemia)
Replace electrolytes (Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, & phosphate)

Front 98

disorder a/w child who has history of theft, vandalism and violence

Back 98

conduct disorder

Front 99

How do you tx a px who has hyperPTH who refuses or cant have surgery

Back 99

ADEQUATE HYDRATION (to avoid renal stones)

MINIMIZE BONE RESORPTION:
exercise
bisphosphonates
Ca2+ (1000mg/day)
Vit D (400 - 600 IU/day)

PREVENT WORSENING HYPERCALCEMIA BY AVOIDING:
thiazide diuretics
lithium
volume depletion
prolonged bed rest
Ca2+ ingestion (>1000mg/day)

ROUTINE MONITORING:
serum Ca2+ q6 mos
serum Cr q12 mos
BMD of hip, L-spine, & forearm q12 mos

Front 100

what are oral phosphate binders for px with hyperphosphatemia 2nd/2 hyperPTH

Back 100

Ca2+ carbonate
Ca2+ acetate

Front 101

MCC's of hyperPTH

Back 101

adenoma (single PT gland)

hyperplasia (x4 PT glands)

Front 102

how will vit D def affect Ca, PTH, P

Back 102

decr'd Ca
incr'd PTH
decr'd P

Front 103

why might PTH be increased in renal disease

Back 103

renal ds --> decr'd vit D conversion --> decr'd Ca absorption (gut) --> incr'd PTH

Front 104

what happens to phosphate in px with hyperPTH and renal disease

Back 104

increases

Front 105

likely cause of increased PTH, decreased Ca and increased P

Back 105

renal failure

Front 106

Ca2+, Phos, Alk phos, PTH in:
pagets

Back 106

Ca2+: normal

Phos: normal

Alk phos: incr'd

PTH: normal

Front 107

Ca2+, Phos, Alk phos, PTH in:
osteomalacia/rickets

Back 107

Ca2+: decr'd

Phos: decr'd

Alk phos: nl/incr'd

PTH: incr'd

Front 108

Ca2+, Phos, Alk phos, PTH in:
chronic renal failure

Back 108

Ca2+: decr'd

Phos: incr'd

Alk phos: nl/incr'd

PTH: incr'd

Front 109

Ca2+, Phos, Alk phos, PTH in:
osteoporosis

Back 109

Ca2+: normal

Phos: normal

Alk phos: normal

PTH: normal

Front 110

Ca2+, Phos, Alk phos, PTH in:
osteopetrosis

Back 110

Ca2+: normal

Phos: normal

Alk phos: normal

PTH: normal

Front 111

Ca2+, Phos, Alk phos, PTH in:
primary hyperPTH

Back 111

Ca2+: incr'd

Phos: decr'd

Alk phos: incr'd

PTH: incr'd

Front 112

Ca2+, Phos, Alk phos, PTH in:
hypoPTH

Back 112

Ca2+: decr'd

Phos: incr'd

Alk phos: normal

PTH: decr'd

Front 113

Ca2+, Phos, Alk phos, PTH in:
pseudohypoPTH

Back 113

Ca2+: decr'd

Phos: incr'd

Alk phos: normal

PTH: incr'd

Front 114

what is the disease a/w shortened 4th and 5th digits

Back 114

albrights hereditary osteodystrophy

Front 115

what are the indications for surgical parathyroidectomy

Back 115

SYMPTOMATIC:
bones
stones
groans
psychiatric overtones

INCR'D [Ca2+]:
> 1.0 mg/dl above upper limits of nl


DECR'D Cr Cl (reduced by 30%) --> incr'd Cr

AGE < 50 y/o

BMD:
T-score < -2.5 (at any site)

Front 116

If parathyroid adenoma is found & surgery is indicated, what is removed

Back 116

REMOVAL of ONLY the gland containing adenoma

BIOPSY of 1 - 3 other glands

Front 117

If parathyroid hyperplasia is found & surgery is indicated, what is removed

Back 117

REMOVAL of 3 & 1/2 glands

SURGICALLY "CLIP" the remaining 1/2
(or forearm autotrasplantation in cases of high recurrence e.g. Men type 1 & IIa)

Front 118

what happens to phosphate in pts with hyperPTH caused by renal ds

Back 118

HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA
(2nd/2 kidney's inability to excrete phosphate)

Front 119

Dx
px with exophthalmos, pretibial myxedema and decreased TSH

Back 119

graves

Front 120

worrisome SE of ADHD Rx, Atomoxetine

Back 120

incr'd suicidal ideation

hepatic injury

Front 121

what are common SE or atypical antipsychotics

Back 121

fewer mvmt SE's

fewer anticholinergic SE's

Wt gain --> DM/DKA (esp, Olanzapine)

Front 122

Rx for prolactinoma

Back 122

DOPAMINE AGONISTS:
cabergoline
bromocriptine or pergolide

Front 123

Rx for female with prolactinoma > 3cm with desire to be pregnant

Back 123

withhold DA agonist

transphenoidal surgery
(even if DA agonist is effective)

Front 124

what are common complications of acromegaly

Back 124

cardiac failure

DM

spinal cord compression

optic nerve compression

arthropathy

Front 125

screening test for acromegaly

Back 125

IGF-1 levels

Front 126

confirmatory test for acromegaly

Back 126

oral glucose suppression test
(75g glucose --> measure GH at 1hr & 2hr;
[GH] > 1ng/mL = acromegaly)

Front 127

what should be done if a px tests positive for acromegaly

Back 127

pituitary MRI to evaluate for mass or empty sella
(MCC of acromegaly = pituitary adenoma)

Front 128

what should be done in empty sella syndrome

Back 128

nothing/reassurance

Front 129

Rx for acromegaly

Back 129

1ST LINE = OCTREOTIDE
(somatostatin analog: inhibits GH secretion)

2ND LINE = CABERGOLINE
(DA agonist: inhibits PRL & GH secretion)

3RD LINE = PEGVISOMANT
(GH receptor antagonist)

DEFINITIVE TX: transphenoidal resection

Front 130

What is typical hyperprolactinoma presentation

Back 130

MALES:
incr'd PRL --> decr'd LH/FSH --> decr'd Testosterone
decr'd LH/FSH --> HYPOGONADISM
decr'd Testosterone --> FATIGUE, LOW LIBIDO

FEMALES:
incr'd PRL --> decr'd LH/FSH --> decr'd E2/Progesterone --> AMENORRHEA GALACTORRHEA

Front 131

what Rx cause elevated prolactin levels

Back 131

PHENOTHIAZINES:
thioridazine
prochlorperazine
promothiazine

OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTICS:
risperidone
haloperidol

METHYLDOPA

VERAPAMIL

Front 132

next step in management of a px with non-drug-induced hyperprolactinemia

Back 132

MRI of brain (r/o pituitary adenoma)

TSH levels (r/o hypothyroidism)

Front 133

what visual field deficit is a/w prolactinoma

Back 133

bitemporal hemianopsia

Front 134

what is a lactotroph adenoma

Back 134

prolactinoma

Front 135

what is a somatotroph adenoma

Back 135

growth hormone secreting adenoma

Front 136

Rx for hypercalcemia

Back 136

IVF's --> urinate Ca2+ out

loops (e.g. furosemide)

Front 137

Dx
px with hearing loss and vertigo, examination shows a greyish white pearly lesion involving the TM

Back 137

cholesteatoma

Front 138

what marker is most accurate to Dx an androgen-producing tumor in a woman

Back 138

DHEA-S

(NOTE: DHEA-S made ONLY by adrenals;
DHEA & testosterone made by adrenals & ovaries)

Front 139

what are the elctrolyte abnormalities found in hyperaldosteronism

Back 139

hypokalemia

mildly elevated Na+

metabolic alkalosis

Front 140

what is the hyperaldosteronism triad

Back 140

TRIAD:
HTN
hypokalemia
metabolic alkalosis

Front 141

what is the most specific lab finding in making the Dx of primary hyperaldosteronism

Back 141

HIGH PAC:PRC Ratio

PAC is inc

PRC is dec

(NOTE:
PAC = plasma aldosterone concentration
PRC = plasma renin concentration)

Front 142

what steroid is used to replace aldosterone

Back 142

fludracortisone (100 x stronger than aldosterone)

Front 143

what steroid is most like cortisol

Back 143

Hydrocodone
(has glucocorticoid & mineralcorticoid action)

Front 144

What is the MC pituitary tumor & what is the rx

Back 144

MC = Prolactinoma

Tx = bromocriptine, cabergoline, or pergolide

Front 145

Dx:
16 y/o with left arm paralysis (no medical cause is found) after her boyfriend dies in a MVA

Back 145

Conversion d/o

Front 146

What effect would giving a B-Blocker have on a pt with HTN due to pheochromacytoma

Back 146

Worsen HTN due to unopposed a1-activity

Front 147

What is the likely condition of a female infant with virilization of the genitalia & hypotension

Back 147

21a-hydroxylase def --> CAH

Front 148

What serum lab abnormalities would you see in 17a-hydroxylase deficiency & in 21a-hydroxylase deficiency

Back 148

17a-HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY:
hypokalemia
mild hypernatremia
+ HTN


21a-HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY:
hyperkalemia
hyponatremia
+ hypotension

Front 149

Dx:
A pt with acromegaly is found to have elevated Ca2+ on a blood draw during a w/u of his peptic ulcer

Back 149

DX: MEN I ("3 P's"):
acromegaly = pituitary d/o
elevated Ca2+ = hyperparathyroidism
peptic ulcer = gastrin-secreting tumor (ZES)

Front 150

What is involved in MEN I Syndrome

Back 150

Mnemonic: "3 P's"

parathyroid hyperplasia
pituitary
pancrease (islet) or GI

Front 151

What is involved in MEN IIa Syndrome

Back 151

Mnemonic: "1M + 2 P's"

medullary thyroid carcinoma
parathyroid hyperplasia
pheochromacytoma

Front 152

What is involved in MEN IIb Syndrome

Back 152

Mnemonic: "2 M's + 1P"

medullary thyroid carcinoma
mucosal neuromas
pheochromacytoma

Front 153

What oncogene is involved with the MEN Syndromes & with which type is it associated

Back 153

RET Proto-Oncogene
a/w Men IIa & Men IIb

Front 154

What are the MCC's of eosinophilia

Back 154

Mnemonic: "DN-AAA-CP" (D-N triple-A C-P):

Drugs
Neoplasms
Allergic causes (allergies, asthma, Churg-Strauss)
Addison's Ds
Acute Interstitial Nephritis
CVD's
Parasitic Infections (including Loeffler's Eosinophilic Pneumonitis 2nd/2 Ascaris Lumbricoides)

Front 155

causes of secondary HTN

Back 155

pheochromacytoma
hyperaldosteronism
excess glucocorticoids
cushing's syndrome
renal artery stenosis
CAH (11a-OH & 17a-OH def's)
CKD
OCP
coarctation of aorta