Step 2 Dit: Cardio 04 & 05

Front 1

with what are chvostek and trousseau sign assoc'd

Back 1

hypocalcemia

Front 2

area of the brain lesioned:
contralateral hemiballismus

Back 2

subthalamic nucleus

Front 3

area of the brain lesioned:
hemispatial neglect syndrome

Back 3

non-dominant parietal lobe

Front 4

area of the brain lesioned:
coma

Back 4

reticular activating system, RAS (i.e. pontine lesion)

Front 5

area of the brain lesioned:
poor repitition

Back 5

arcuate fasciculus

Front 6

area of the brain lesioned:
poor comprehension

Back 6

Wernicke's area

Front 7

area of the brain lesioned:
poor vocal expression

Back 7

broca's area

Front 8

Rx for prinzmetal angina

Back 8

**Dihydropyridine CCB's (nifedopine, amlodipine)
Non-dihydropyridine CCB's (verapamil, diltiazem)
Nitrates

AVOID:
non-selective B-Blockers (e.g. propranolol)
ASA

Front 9

most likely cause of chest pain
ST segment elevation only during brief episodes of CP

Back 9

prinzmetal angina

Front 10

most likely cause of chest pain
localized with one finger

Back 10

costochondritis

Front 11

most likely cause of chest pain
chest wall tenderness on palpation

Back 11

musculoskeletal

Front 12

most likely cause of chest pain
rapid onset sharp CP that radiates to the scapula

Back 12

aortic dissection

Front 13

most likely cause of chest pain
rapid onset sharp CP in 20 y/o with assoc'd dyspnea

Back 13

spontaneous pneumothorax

Front 14

most likely cause of chest pain
occurs after meals, improved with antacids

Back 14

GERD

esophageal spasm

Front 15

most likely cause of chest pain
sharp pain lasting hours to days and somewhat relieved by sitting forward

Back 15

pericarditis

Front 16

most likely cause of chest pain
pain worsened by deep breathing or motion

Back 16

pleuritic or musculoskeletal

Front 17

most likely cause of chest pain
along dermatome

Back 17

Herpes zoster (pain may appear before the rash)

Front 18

most likely cause of chest pain
MCC of noncardiac CP

Back 18

GERD

musculoskeletal

Front 19

most likely cause of chest pain
acute onset dyspnea, tachycardia, confusion in hospitalized pt

Back 19

pulmonary embolism

Front 20

most likely cause of chest pain
pain began a day following the start of an intense exercise program

Back 20

musculoskeletal

Front 21

most likely cause of chest pain
widened mediastinum on CXR

Back 21

aortic dissection

Front 22

which patient population is more likely to have atypical angina during episode of myocardial ischemia

Back 22

diabetics

women

elderly

Front 23

how does nitroglycerin work acutely in cardiac ischemic episodes

Back 23

PERIPHERAL VENOUS VASODILATION -->
decr'd preload
decr'd cardiac O2 demand

NOTE: with ACUTE ISCHEMIA, coronary arteries are already maximally dilated, therefore, NTG cannot further dilate them!

Front 24

why shouldnt chest pain relieved by nitroglycerin be diagnostic of cardiac nature

Back 24

can also relieve esophageal spasm and GERD

Front 25

MOA:
streptokinase

Back 25

converts plasminogen --> plasmin --> degrades fibrin

Front 26

MOA:
aspirin

Back 26

irreversibly inhibits COX 1 - 2 --> prevents plt aggregation

Front 27

MOA:
clopidogrel

Back 27

ADP receptor blocker --> prevents plt aggregation

Front 28

MOA:
abciximab

Back 28

GP IIb/IIIa Inhibitor --> prevents plt aggregation

Front 29

MOA:
tirofiban

Back 29

GP IIb/IIIa Inhibitor --> prevents plt aggregation

Front 30

MOA:
ticlopidine

Back 30

ADP receptor blocker --> prevents plt aggregation

Front 31

MOA:
enoxaparin

Back 31

catalyzes activation of antithrombin

Front 32

MOA:
eptifibatide

Back 32

GP IIb/IIIa Inhibitor --> prevents plt aggregation

Front 33

cause of hyperthyroidism:
extremely tender thyroid gland

Back 33

subacute thyroiditis (i.e. De Quervain's)

Front 34

cause of hyperthyroidism:
pretibial myxedema

Back 34

Grave's disease

Front 35

cause of hyperthyroidism:
pride in recent wt loss, medical professional

Back 35

exogenous thyroid use

Front 36

cause of hyperthyroidism:
palpation of single thyroid nodule

Back 36

toxic thyroid adenoma

Front 37

cause of hyperthyroidism:
palpation of multiple thyroid nodules

Back 37

multinodular goiter

Front 38

cause of hyperthyroidism:
recent study using IV contrast dye

Back 38

job-basedow phenomenon

Front 39

cause of hyperthyroidism:
proptosis, ocular edema, & ocular injection

Back 39

Grave's disease

Front 40

cause of hyperthyroidism:
h/o thyroidectomy or radioablation of thyroid

Back 40

excess thyroid hormone replacement