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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Classic ECG finding in atrial flutter
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"Sawtooth" P waves
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Definition of unstable angina
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Angina that is new, worsening, at rest
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Anti-hypertensive for a diabetic pt with proteinuria
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ACEI
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Becks triad for cardiac tamponade
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Hypotension, distant heart sounds, JVD
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Hypercholesterolemia treatment that leads to flushing and pruritus
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Niacin
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Murmur-hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
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Systolic ejection murmur heard along lateral sternal border that INC with DEC preload (Valsalva maneuver)
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Murmur Aortic insufficiency
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Austin flint murmur, diastolic, decrescendo, low-pitched blowing murmur that is best heard sitting up; INC with INC after load (hand grip)
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Murmur Aortic stenosis
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Systolic crescendo/decrescendo murmur that radiates to neck, INC with INC preload (squatting)
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Murmur Mitral regurgitation
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Holosystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla, INC with INC after load (hand grip)
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Murmur Mitral Stenosis
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Diastolic mid-to-late, low pitched preceded by OS
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Tx for a-fib and atrial flutter
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If unstable, cardiovert. If stable or chronic, rate control with CCBs or B-blockers.
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Tx for ventricular fibrillation.
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Immediate cardioversion.
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Dressler's syndrome.
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An autoimmune rxn with fever, pericarditis, and INC ESR occurring 2-4 weeks post-MI
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IV drug use with JVD and a holosystolic murmur at the left sternal border. Tx?
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Treat existing HF and replace tricuspid valve.
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Dx test for hypertrophic CM.
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Echo (showing thickened LV wall and outflow obstruction)
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Pulsus paradoxus
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A DEC in sys BP of >10 mm Hg with inspiration; seen in cardiac tamponade.
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Classic ECG finding in pericarditis
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low-voltage diffuse ST-segment elevation
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Definition of HTN
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BP >140/90 on 3 separate occasions 2 weeks apart
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Eight surgically correctable causes of HTN
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RAS, Coarctation, pheo, Conn's, Cushing's, unilateral renal parenchymal dz, hyperthyroidism, hyperPTH
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Evaluation of pulsatile abd mass and bruit
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Abd US and CT
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Indications for surgical repair of abd aortic aneurysm.
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> 5.5cm, rapidly enlarging, symptomatic, or ruptured
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Treatment for ACS
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ASA, heparin, clopidogrel, morphine, O2, sublingual nitroglycerin, IV beta-blockers
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Metabolic syndrome
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Ab obesity, high TGs, low HDL, HTN, insulin resistance, prothrombotic, or proimflammatory state
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Dx test?
50 y/o M with stable angina can exercise to 85% of max predicted HR |
Exercise stress treadmill with ECG
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Dx test?
65 y/o F with LBBB and severe OA has unstable angina |
Pharm stress test (dobutamine echo)
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Target LDL in diabetic
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<70
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Signs of active ischemia during stress testing
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Angina, ST-segment changes on ECG, or DEC BP
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ECG findings suggesting MI
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ST segment elevation (depression means ischemia), flattened T waves, and Q waves
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Coronary territories in MI
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Anterior wall (LAD/diagonal), inferior (PDA), posterior (left circumflex/oblique, RCA/marginal), septum (LAD/diagonal)
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Young pt with angina at rest and ST-segment elevation with normal cardiac enzymes
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Prinzmetal's angina
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Common sx assoc with silent MIs
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CHF, shock, and AMS
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Dx test for PE
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Spiral CT with contrast
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Protamine
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Reverses the effects of heparin
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PT
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Coag parameter affected by warfarin
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Young pt with fam hx of sudden death collapses and dies while exercising
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Hypertrophic CM
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Endocarditis ppx regimen
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Oral surgery--amoxicillin for certain situations; GI or GU procedures--not recommended
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Virchow's triad
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State, hyper coagulability, endothelial damage
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Most common cause of HTN in young women
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OCPs
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Most common cause of HTN in young MEN
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Excessive EtOH
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Figure 3 sign
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Coarctation
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Water-bottle-shaped heart
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Pericardial effusion. Look for pulsus paradoxus.
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