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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Incidence
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Number of new cases arising in a defined population over a defined period of time is defined as?
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Define Prevelence
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How many actual cases of a condition or disease there are at a given point in time is defined as?
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Define Odds Ratio
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What would you use to compare whether the probability of certain events is the same for two groups? An ____ of 1 implies that the event is equally likely in both groups.
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Define Cohort Study
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A prospective study following a sample, say for example, of 20 people for 20 years.
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In a case series, what type of bias do you have to consider?
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Individual clinical bias is a factor in what type of study?
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In a case control study, what type of bias do you have to consider?
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Recall bias is a factor in what type of study?
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In a double blind trial, what type of bias do you have to consider?
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Selection bias is a factor in what type of study?
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In a cohort study, what type of bias do you have to consider?
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Lost to follow up bias is a factor in what type of study?
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In a systemic review or meta-analysis, what type of bias do you have to consider?
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Publication bias and language bias are factors in what type of study?
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What is confounding bias?
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What type of bias occurs when a researcher concludes that the cause of a disease is related to a certain factor, without considerig other factors that may have caused the disease?
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What is the inter-rater reliability co-efficient?
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What value assures that two different raters will use eqivalent rating schemes to assess data?
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Ideally a p-value should be 0. What does a p-value of 0 imply? What does a p-value of 1 imply?
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Statistical significance is measured by what value, 0 implying high statistical significance, and 1 implying no statistical significance?
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What is the confidence interval? What should its numerical value be?
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What value describes how sure you are that your p-value is what you have calculated it to be? This value should be > 95%.
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Define Sensitivity
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What is the likelihood that a patient with a given disease will have a positive test?
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Define Specificity
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What is the likelihood that a patient with a negative test will not have the disease?
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What is the formula for positive predictive value?
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TP/(TP+FP)
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What is the formula for negative predictive value?
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TN/(TN+FN)
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Sensitivity is important for what type of tests? Give an example of one of these tests.
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It is important that screening tests, such as ELISA for HIV or mammogram, have a high _____.
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Specificity is important for what type of tests? Give an example of one of these tests.
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It is important that confirmatory tests, such as the Western Blot to confirm HIV, have a high _____.
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