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217 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of acute renal failure in a patient with at FEN < 1%
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Prerenal
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Protein and LDH criteria for an exudative effusion
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Pleural protein: Serum protein > 0.5
Pleural LDH: Serum LDH : 0.6 |
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Newborn with bilious emesis after first feed
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duodenal atresia
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Most common cause of HTN in young women
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OCPs
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Seizures in children, 4 most common causes
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Febrile, Infection, trauma, idiopathic
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P-ANCA is associated with what condition
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pauci-immune glomerulonephritis
Microscopic polyangitis Churgg Strauss |
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Life threatening complication in CML
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Blast Crisis, splenomegaly, bone pain
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Characteristics of Fanconi's Anemia
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Aplastic anemia + thumb abnormalities + diffuse hypo or hyperpigmentation, cafe-au-laits and short stature
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What biostat calculation looks at individuals with and without a disease and determines the liklihood of exposure to a risk factor
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Odds
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Which antidiabetic is associated with lactic acidosis?
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Metformin
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What is cradle cap?
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Seborrheic Dermatitis
tar, selenium to get rid of it |
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What rash presents with herald-patch followed by a christmas tree pattern?
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Pityrias rosea
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Beck's triad? And what condition is it?
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Hypotension, Distant Heart Sounds, JVD,
Cardiac tamponade |
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Findings of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and what antibody is found
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High TSH, Low T4.
antimichrosomal antibodies |
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What is charcot's triad and what condition is it?
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RUQ pain, Jaundice, Fever Chills
Ascending Cholangitis |
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Treatment for ITP in children?
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Resolves, or IV IG and steroids
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What virus is associated with aplastic crisis in sickle cell
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parvovirus
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Most common pathogen in croup?
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parainfluenza
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Immunodeficiency with doughy skin is characteristic of
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Job's syndrome, hyper IgE
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Septic shock pressor
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Norepi
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Sentinel loop on ab X-ray
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Acute pancreatitis
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Hampton's hump on CXR?
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PE
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Chronic respiratory diseases and a positive nitroblue tetrozolium test
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Chronic granulomatous disease
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What antihypertensives can be used with severe ecclampsia ?
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Hydralazine, labetalol, nifedipine, nitroprusside
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Back pain associated with exacerbation by standing and walking, relieved by sitting down and hyperflexion of hips
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Spinal stenosis
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Flat-topped purplish, pruritic, papules?
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Lichen planus
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Auer rods
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AML
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Cardiogenic shock pressor
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Dobutamine
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Hypoxemia + pulm edema + normal capillary wedge pressure
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ARDS
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Low urine specific gravity and presence of high serum osmolality
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Diabetes insipidus
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Which lung cancer is associated with SIADH?
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Small cell
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Most common form of nephritic syndrome
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membranous glomerulonephritis
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Obese african american male with sudden onset limp
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SCFE
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One SD, Two SD, Three SD
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68%, 95%, 99.7%
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Cafe au Lait spots
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NF
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Number of bacteria on clean catch to diagnose a UTI
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10^5
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Elderly with dirty, velvety patches on backa nd neck
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Acanthosis Nigricans,
Check Sugars, Malignant workup |
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Microcytic anemia differential
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Iron def, thallassemia, lead poisoning, Anemia of Chronic Disease
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Joints of hands affected in rheumatoid arthritis
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MCP and PIP
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Anti- La antibodies
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Sjogrens, xerostomia, parotid enlargement, xeropthalmia
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Eczema, thrombocytopenia, and high levels of IgA
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Wiskott Aldrich
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Iron over dose treatment
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Deforoximine
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Minimal acceptable urine output in stable patient
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30cc/hr
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Which type of breast cancer increases the future risk of invasive carcinoma in both breasts
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Lobular carcinoma in situ
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Placenta previa symptom
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Painless vaginal bleeding
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Joint aspiration = rhomboid shaped, positively birefringent
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Pseudogout
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Oral infection branching rods when examined microscopically?
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Actinomyces israeli
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Diarrhea and pseudo appendicitis... what organism?
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Yersinia Entercolitica
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Organism in pityriasis versicolor
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Malssezia Furfur
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What autoimmune complication occurs 2-4 weeks after MI
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Dressler's
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Telogen Effluvium
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Stress related hair loss
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What skin disease has a negative Nickolsky's sign
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Bullous Pemphigoid
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Cold water into ear the fast phase of nystagmus is toward opposite side. Where is the lesion
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No lesion
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Complications of post term pregnancy
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Oligohydraminos, passage of meconium, peeling of skin
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Eosinophilic casts found in the urine
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acute interstitial nephritis, drug induced
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Acceptable urine output in a trauma patient
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50 cc/hr
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Skin disease with positive Nikolsky's sign
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Pemphigous Vulgaris
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Most common inherited coagulopathy
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Factor V Leiden
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What antibiotics should be avoided in pregnancy
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Tetracyclines, Fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, sulfonamidse
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Antihistone antibodies
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Drug induced lupus
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Meconium ileus should make you think of
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CF and Hirschsprung
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Currant jelly stool in child
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Intussception
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Treatment for superior vena cava syndrome
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Radiation
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Reversal for heparin
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Protamine sulfate
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What substances cause hemolysis in G6PD
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Sulfonamides, fava beans, antimalarials
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Brain mets come from where
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Lung, Breast, Skin, Renal, GI
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Term for heavy bleeding between periods
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Menometorragia
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Treatment for Kawasaki
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Aspirin, IV Ig
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Noncaseating granuloma + hypercalcemia
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Sarcoidosis
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Curschman spirals
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Bronchial Asthma
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Type of RTA wtih abnormal H+ secretion and nephrolithiasis
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Type 1
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Causes of hypervolemic hyponatremia
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Cirrhosis, CHF, Nephrotic
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Violence and horizontal nystagmus
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PCP
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Congenital pure RBC aplasia
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Diamon Blackman
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Pentad of TTP
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Hemolytic, Renal Failure, Fever, Pancytopenia, Purpura, Neuro Changes
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Testicular mass and elevated HCG in a male
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Choriocarcinoma
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Cardinal movements of labor
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Engagement, Descent, Flexion, Internal Rotation, Extension, External Rotation, Expulsion
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30 y/o female presents with hematuria
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Schistomsoma
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Fall on outstretched hand, what is injured
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Colles fracture = distal radius
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What is cushings triad and what is it associated with
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hypertension, bradycardia and abnormal respirations
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A normal PCO2 in asthma exacerbation makes you think of what
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Fatigue and resp failure
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Which RTA is associated abnormal HCO3 and rickets
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Type II RCA
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Gyn exam of postmenopausal woman reveals inflammation and epithelial thinning. What is the diagnosis?
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Lichen sclerosis
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IV drug user has JVD and holosystolic murmur at left sternal border
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Tricuspid Regurg, Give Vanc
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Classic EKG in pericarditis
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Diffuse ST elevation
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Treatment for NMS
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Dantrolene, bromocriptine, cooling blankets
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Flesh colored umbilicated lesions on a child's face
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Mulluscum Contagiosum,
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postop patient in pain presents with hyponatremia and normal volume status
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SIADH
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Elderly female presents with pain and stiffness of the shoulders and hips. Cannot lift arms above head, elevated ESR
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Polymyalgia rheumatica
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11 y/o with fever, weight loss, and night sweats, mediastinal mass, what do you expect
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Non-hodgkins lymphoma, and would be hodgkins in a 30 year old
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Most common testicular cancer
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Seminoma
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Anticentromere antibodies
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CREST
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Decreased FEV1/FVC
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Obstructive
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Which lung cancer associated with hypercalcemia
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Squamous cell
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What prophylaxis is needed in HIV when CD4 < 200
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TMP-SMX for PCP
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What type of prophylaxis is needed for HIV pt with CD4 < 100
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erythromycin for MAC
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Pupura on legs, abdominal pain, and arthritic joints
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Henoch schloenen purpura
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What happens in pulsus paradoxus and what causes it
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fall in SBP by >10mmHg, due to cardiac tamponade, or hyperinflation
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Hypertension, Hypernatremia, Hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis
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Conn's, Hyper aldosteronism
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Discrete area of baldness
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allopecia areata, give intralesional steroids
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What is LDL goal in diabetes
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Less than <100 or <70 if comorbid conditions
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Seizure prophylaxis in preeclampsia
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Magnesium sulfate
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7 y/o presents with hemarthrosis, Lab work shows increased PTT, and a normal PT and bleeding time.
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Hemophilia
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Describe treatment of hypertension in pheochromcytoma
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Alpha antagonists first, never give beta blocker first.
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Treatment for moderate hypercalcemia
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IV hydration, and a loop
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What is LDL goal in diabetes
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Less than <100 or <70 if comorbid conditions
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Seizure prophylaxis in preeclampsia
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Magnesium sulfate
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7 y/o presents with hemarthrosis, Lab work shows increased PTT, and a normal PT and bleeding time.
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Hemophilia
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Describe treatment of hypertension in pheochromcytoma
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Alpha antagonists first, never give beta blocker first.
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Treatment for moderate hypercalcemia
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IV hydration, and a loop
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75 y/o presents with fatigue and lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and isolated lymphocytosis
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CLL
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Most common causes of meningitis in a new born? What is treatment
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Group B, E coli, Listeria
Amp and Gent |
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Causes onion skin appearance on bone on x-ray
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Ewings
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people
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الناس
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What EKG finding is associated cold agglutinins
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J-wave
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Treatment for TTP
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large volume plamapheresis, and steroids
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Treatment for inflammatory bowel disease
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5-ASA and sulfasalizine
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Lateral Neck Mass in child
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Branchial cleft cyst
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Pt with new onset sacroilitis
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Ankylosing spondylosis
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Weakness, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and new skin pigmentation. Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia
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Addisons, give steroids and fludrocortisone
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Immunodeficiency with recurrent infections, thrombocytopenia, and eczema
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Wiskott-Aldrich
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Late fetal decels
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fetal compromise, not getting perfused
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Early decels
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head compression with contraction
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Variable decels
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cord compression
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Symptoms of a lacunar stroke and causes?
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Pure Motor, Pure Sensory, Ataxic hemiparesis, ataxic clumsy hand, from hypertension
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Medications used for cerebral palsy
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Dantrolene, Baclofen, Botox, Benzos
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Most Common Brain tumors in adults
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Mets, Glio, Meningioma, Schwannoma.
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Most common in children
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Astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, ependyoma
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Which vasopressor causes renal vasodilation
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dopamine
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Which vasopressor optimizes alpha 1 vasoconstriction at high doses
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Epinephrine
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Which vasopressor is ADH analogue
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Vasopressin
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Choice for septic shock
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Norepi because it causes vasoconstriction
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Best choice for cardiogenic shock
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Dobutamine
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causes vasoconstriction but with bradycardia
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phenylephrine
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How do you evaluate penetrating injuries to the neck
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Zone 1 = CT Angio
Zone 2 (crico-mandible)= surgical Zone 3 = triple endoscopy |
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Wolf parkinson white what is the EKG finding? And treatment
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Delta waves
Amiodarone and Procainamide |
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Treatment for SVT
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Adenosine
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What is the most sensitive and specific lab test for chronic pancreatitis?
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Low fecal elastase, lipase>amylase
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What supplements do women on on anticonvulsants need
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Folate and vit K
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Differential for dislocation of the lens of the eye
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Marfans, Homocystinuria, Alport's
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Treatment for macular degeneration
|
antioxidants
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What are the criteria for rheumatic fever
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Joints
Pancarditis Nodules Erythema Marginatum Sydenhams Chorea |
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EBV associated cancer
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Burkitts
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Reed sternberg, cervical lymphadenopathy, night sweats
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Hodgkins
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Bence Jones proteins
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MM
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Translocation 14:18
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Non-hodgkins/follicular
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Most common lymphoma
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Diffuse Large B Cell
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Translocation 8:14
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Burkitt
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Translocation 9:22
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CML
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Most common hodgkin's
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Nodular sclerosing
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Starry-sky pattern due to phagocytosis of apoptotic tumor cells
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Burkitt's
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Blood smear (hair like projections) splenomegaly
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Hairycell leukemia
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When is bupropion contraindicated
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person with seizure d/o
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Treatment for serotonin syndrome
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stop meds, supportive, benzos
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How to diagnose BPPV
|
dix halpike
Epley to fix it |
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Treatment for acute angle-closure glaucoma
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Iridotomy, Acetazolimide, beta blocker,
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Anticholinesterases, organophosphates
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Physostigmine, atropine
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Mercury
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Succimer
|
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Heparin
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Aminocaproic acid
|
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isoniazid
|
b6
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Diastolic murmur heard best in left lower sternum that increases with inspiration
|
Tricuspid stenosis
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Late diastolic murmur with an opening snap (no change with inspiration)
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Mitral stenosis
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Systolic murmur heard best at in the second right interspace
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Aortic stenosis
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Systolic murmur heard best in the second left interspace
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Pulmonary stenosis
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Late systolic murmur best heard at the apex
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mitral prolapse
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Diastolic murmur with a widened pulse pressure
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Aortic regurg
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Holosystolic murmur that is louder with inspiration at the left lower sternum
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Tricuspid Regurg
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Holosystolic murmur at the apex and radiates to the axilla
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MR
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Peripheral blasts are PAS+ and TdT+
|
ALL
|
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Peripheral blasts are PAS-, myeloperoxidase
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AML, and have Auer Rods
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Causes hypovolemic hyponatremia
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Thiazides, Addison's, Fluid loss with water rehydration
|
|
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Fever + rash + elevated creatinine + eosinophilia
|
Acute Interstitial nephritis
|
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Difference between primary biliary cirrhosis from primary sclerosing cholangitis?
|
PBC = antimitochondrial antibodies
Primary sclerosing cholangitis = P-ANCA, UC, ERCP, beads on a string |
|
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Treament of Whipple disease
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TMP-SMX x 1 year
|
|
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Resolved hepatitis
|
Postive Hep BsAb
Hep BcAb |
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What is seen in CN III lesion
|
Down and out, fixed and dilated
|
|
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What lab value abnormality in Hemophilia
|
Increased PTT
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Name 4 potassium sparing diuretics
|
Spironolactone(gynecomastia)
Eplerenone Amiloride Triamterene |
|
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What lab differences are seen in ACD and Iron Def
|
Iron/TIBC
<12 in Iron Def > 18 in ACD and increased Ferritin |
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What is the x-ray finding of croup
|
Steeple
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|
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X-ray finding of epiglottitis
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Thumb sign
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|
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Treatment of RSV of bronchiolitis
|
Albuterol, Racemic Epi
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|
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Gram positive diplococci
|
Strep pneumo
|
|
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Gram positive cocci in clusters
|
staphylococcus
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Gram neg cocci
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Neisseria
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Gram pos rods
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Listeria and Bacillus
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|
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Gram neg rods
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Pseudo, H. Influenza, Klebsiella, Legionella
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|
|
Classic EKG for PE
|
S wave in lead one and a Q and intverted T in lead three.
|
|
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Most common cause of hypertension plus hypokalemia
|
Hyperaldostronism (Conn's)
|
|
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IF: granular pattern of immune complex deposition; LM: Hypercellular glomeruli
|
Post streptococcal
|
|
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Nodular glomerulosclerosis (Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesions)
|
Diabetic Nephropathy
|
|
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Nephrotic syndrome assoc a/w hepatitis B
|
membranoproliferative
|
|
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EM: Subendothelial humps and tram-track appearance
|
Membranous
|
|
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LM: Crescent formation in the glomeruli
|
rapidly progressive/ crescentic
|
|
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LM: segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis
|
Focal segmental
|
|
|
Ranson's Criteria
|
GA LAW and C HOBBS
Glucose, AST, LDH, Age, WBC Calcium, Hematemesis, O2, BUN, Base deficit, Sequestered Fluid |
|
|
What paraneoplastic syndromes are associated with Small Cell
|
Cushing's, SIADH, Lambert Eaton
|
|
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Vasculitis with weak pulses
|
Takayasu
|
|
|
Immune complex inflammation of visceral/renal vessels
|
Polyarteritis Nodosa
|
|
|
Vasculitis associated with male smokers
|
Bergers
|
|
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Vasculitis associated with asthmatics
|
Chugg-Strauss
|
|
|
Vasculitis associated with PMR
|
Temporal arteritis
|
|
|
Vasculitis associated with nasal septum perforation
|
Wegners
|
|
|
Lipid lowering agent with S/E of elevated LFTs, myositis
|
Statins and Fibrates
|
|
|
Lipid lowering agent with GI discomfort, and bad taste
|
bile acid binding, cholestyramine
|
|
|
Lipid lowering agent with best effect on triglycerides/VLDL
|
Fibrates
|
|
|
Best effect on LDL/Cholesterol
|
Statin
|
|
|
What med binds C. Diff toxin
|
Cholestyrimine
|
|
|
What drugs elevate prolactin
|
Haloperidol, Risperidone, Methyldopa, Verapamil
|
|
|
Treatment for Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia
|
Metronidazole
|
|
|
Treatment for salmonella and shigella
|
Quinolones, and TMP-SMX
|
|
|
Treatment for campylobacter
|
Erythromycin
|
|
|
First dose orthostatic hypotension
|
alpha blocker
|
|
|
what antihypertensive causes hypertrichosis
|
Minoxidil
|
|
|
What antihypertensive causes dry mouth, sedation, severe rebound HTN
|
Clonidine
|
|
|
What antihypertensive causes rebound hypertension
|
Clonidine
|
|
|
What antihypertensive to avoid in patients with a sulfa allergy
|
HCTZ
|
