Step 2

Front 1

first line agent for treating hypertension

Back 1

thiazides

Front 2

3 meds for treating hypertension in pregnancy

Back 2

alpha methyldopa, hydralazine, labetalol

Front 3

what constitutes a hypertensive emergency and how do you treat it?

Back 3

BP >200/120
treat with nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, or beta blocker

Front 4

MOA of nitroprusside vs nitroglycerin

Back 4

nitroprusside dilates arteries and veins, nitroglycerin is a venodilator (other meds ie hydralazine, alpha 1 agonists, CCB are arterial dilators). Arterial dilators reduce afterload, venodilators reduce preload.

Front 5

2 most common causes of secondary HTN

Back 5

1. birth control pill
2. Renovascular HTN due to fibrous dysplasia- ook for renal bruit, do CT or MRa

Front 6

Dx of Conn's syndrome

Back 6

high aldosterone, low renin. Aldosterone is a steroid released from the adrenal cortex which acts on the DCT to reabsorb Na and release K.

Front 7

Chronic renal insufficiency, with low aldosterone is also known as what condition?

Back 7

Addison's disease

Front 8

Secondary causes of HTN: name 6

Back 8

Conn's syndrome, Pheochromocytoma, Cushing's syndrome, PCKD, renovascular hypertension, aortic coarctation

Front 9

Diagnosis of Diabetes

Back 9

symptoms: polydypsia, polyphagia, polyuria, weight loss
Fasting plasma glucose >126 mg/dL or random glucose >200

Front 10

Goal of treatment in treating Diabetes

Back 10

postprandial blood glucose <180-200
fasting glucose <130
hA1c < 7%

Front 11

first line agent for treating hypertension

Back 11

thiazides

Front 12

3 meds for treating hypertension in pregnancy

Back 12

alpha methyldopa, hydralazine, labetalol

Front 13

what constitutes a hypertensive emergency and how do you treat it?

Back 13

BP >200/120
treat with nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, or beta blocker

Front 14

MOA of nitroprusside vs nitroglycerin

Back 14

nitroprusside dilates arteries and veins, nitroglycerin is a venodilator (other meds ie hydralazine, alpha 1 agonists, CCB are arterial dilators). Arterial dilators reduce afterload, venodilators reduce preload.

Front 15

2 most common causes of secondary HTN

Back 15

1. birth control pill
2. Renovascular HTN due to fibrous dysplasia- ook for renal bruit, do CT or MRa

Front 16

Dx of Conn's syndrome

Back 16

high aldosterone, low renin. Aldosterone is a steroid released from the adrenal cortex which acts on the DCT to reabsorb Na and release K.

Front 17

Chronic renal insufficiency, with low aldosterone is also known as what condition?

Back 17

Addison's disease

Front 18

Secondary causes of HTN: name 6

Back 18

Conn's syndrome, Pheochromocytoma, Cushing's syndrome, PCKD, renovascular hypertension, aortic coarctation

Front 19

Diagnosis of Diabetes

Back 19

symptoms: polydypsia, polyphagia, polyuria, weight loss
Fasting plasma glucose >126 mg/dL or random glucose >200

Front 20

Goal of treatment in treating Diabetes

Back 20

postprandial blood glucose <180-200
fasting glucose <130
hA1c < 7%

Front 21

diagnosis and treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis? (seen with T1DM)

Back 21

hyperglycemia, hyperketonemia, metabolic acidosis. Treatment with fluids, IV regular insulin, K and phosphorous replacement

Front 22

non ketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state diagnosis and tx? (seen with T2DM, higher mortality)

Back 22

hyperglycemia, hyperosmolarity without ketonemia. Treat with IV fluids, IV insulin and electrolyte replacement.