Step 1: Repro Iii

Front 1

small, mobile, firm mass with sharp edges found in the breast of comeone <25yo. dx?
- size and tenderness will vary with what?

Back 1

Fibroadenoma. Most common tumor in those <25.
- estrogen.

Front 2

Serous or bloody nipple discharge, caused by a small tumor that frows in lactiferous ducts.
- dz?
- risk of carcinoma?
- freq location?

Back 2

- intraductal papilloma
- slightly elevates it
- beneath areola.

Front 3

Large, bulky mass found in breast of ~50yo women.
- type of projections seen?
- type of tissue?
- can they become malignant?

Back 3

Phyllodes tumor.
- leaf-like projections
- bulky connective tiss and cysts.
- yes, some can.

Front 4

Overexpression of Progestin/Estrogen receptors, and/or erb-B2 (HER-2, an EGF receptor), is common in which dz? Why?
- common age group?

Back 4

malignant breast tumors.
- they're associated with increased estrogen exposure, and the things that can cause that.... the receptors are downregulated when there is lots of Estrogen/hormone, so the receptor (+) tumors are more likely seen in the older populations.
- common postmenopausally.

Front 5

Most common cancer of the breast is also the worst and the most invasive. Name it.

Back 5

Invasive ductal carcinoma.

Front 6

What types of tumors have orderly rows of cells, and are often multiple, and bilateral?
- type of tumor?

Back 6

Invasive Lobular carcinoma.
- malignant breast cancer

Front 7

Firm, fibrous, "rock-hard" mass with sharp margins and small, glandular duct-like cells.... what type of breast tumor?

Back 7

Invasive ductal carcinoma.

Front 8

Fleshy, cellular, lymphatic infiltrate in tumor of the breast...
- prog?
- name of tumor?

Back 8

- good
- medullary

Front 9

Ductal tumor with caseous necrosis...
- subtype of what?
- name?

Back 9

- DCIS
- comedocarcinoma

Front 10

Dermal lymphatic invasion by breast carcinoma... Peau-d'orange... is called which type of breast cancer?

Back 10

inflammatory. 50% survival @ 5y.

Front 11

Large cells in epidermis with a clear halo found on breast or vulva. dz?
- cutaneous gross sx?
- suggests what?

Back 11

Paget's dz
- eczematous patches
- suggests underlying carcinoma.

Front 12

Which type of fibrocystic dz (there are 4) is associated with increased risk of carcinoma?
- age group?

Which type has increased acini and intralobular fibrosis...
- associated with what feature?

Back 12

Epithelial hyperplasia: increased # of epithelial cell layers in terminal duct lobule.
- women >30.

Sclerosing adenosis
- calcifications

Front 13

Fluid filled, blue dome on histo, with ductal dilation... what type of fibrocystic dz?

Back 13

Cystic.

Front 14

Most common pathogen of actue mastitis during breast feeding?

Back 14

S. aureus.

Front 15

Given the area of the breast, name me the stuff that shows up there (benign and malig)... the order is from nipple-in.
- nipple (2)
- lactiferous sinus
- major duct
- terminal duct
- lobules
- deep stroma

Back 15

- paget's dz, breast abscess
- Indraductal papilloma, mastitis
- fibrocystic change, ductal cancer
- tubular carcinoma
- lobular carcinom, sclerosing adenosis
- fibroadenoma, phyllodes tumor

Front 16

Most common cause of chronic prostatitis? acute?

Back 16

abacterial. (though it CAN be bacterial)

bacterial (e.g. E. coli).

Front 17

Treatment of BPH?
- is it premalignant?
- arises most often in which zone?

Back 17

a1-antagonists (terazosin, tamsulosin)... relax smooth muscle.
- no.
- anteriorly

Front 18

Prostatic adenocarcinoma
- arises most often in which zone?
- PSA labs show what in total PSA and fraction of free PSA?
- other marker?

Back 18

- posterior
- increase in total, \\ fraction of free PSA
- PAP (prostatic acid phosphatase)
-

Front 19

Prematurity increases the risk of what tescitular issue?
- puts pt at risk for what?
- causes what?

Back 19

cryptochidism (testicle that didn't descend)
- germ cell tumors.
- lack of spermatogenesis due to ^^ body temperature.

Front 20

Malignant, painless, homogenous testicular enlargement, most common in males 15-35.
- tumor?
- histo appearance?
- prog?

Back 20

Seminoma
- watery cytoplasm and "fried egg" appearance
- radiosensitive, late mets, but excellent prog.

Front 21

Painful testicular tumor with glandular/papillary morphology.
- prog?
- can differentiate to what?
- potential markers?

Back 21

- Embryonal carcinoma
- worse prog than seminoma.
- other tumors
- ^^AFP, ^^hCG

Front 22

What is the analog in the male of the ovarian yolk sac tumor?
- see histologically?
- grossly?
- marker?

Back 22

yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor.
- stuff resembling primitive glomeruli (Schiller-Duval) bodies
- yellow, mucionus (just like ovarian one)
- ^^AFP

Front 23

Disordered syncytiotrophoblastic and cytotrophoblastic elements in a testicular tumor.... dz?
- sends mets how?

Back 23

choriocarinoma (look for ^^ hCG)
- hematogenously

Front 24

Mature teratoma is males is most likely benign/malignant?

Back 24

malignant, unlike the benign ones in females.

Front 25

Leydig cell tumors contain what?
- what color is the tumor grossly?
- causes what in men? boys? why?

Back 25

rod-shaped, intracytoplasmic crystals (Reinke crystals).
- golden brown
- gynecomastia in men, precocious pubery in boyds b/c it is usually androgen producing.

Front 26

What is the most common testicular cancer in older men?

Back 26

testicular lymphoma.

Front 27

androblastoma from a sex cord stromal tumor is what?

Back 27

Sertoli tumor. a non-germ cell tumor of the testicle. rare.

Front 28

If a mass in transilluminable, is it more likely to be a testicular tumor or a tunica vaginalis lesion?

Back 28

tunica vaginalis lesion.

Front 29

"Bag of worms" felt in testicle = ?
- potential complication?

Back 29

variococele = dilated vein in pampiniform plexus.
- infertility

Front 30

What is a hydrocele, and what is it caused by?

Back 30

it's a tunica vaginalis lesion, caused by increased fluid secondary to incomplete fusion of processus vaginalis.

Front 31

What is the name for a dilated epididymal duct?

Back 31

Spermatocele - a type of tunica vaginalis lesion.

Front 32

Older male (40s-50s) presents with gray,m solitary crusty plaque on the shaft of the penis or on the scrotum.
- dz
- can progress to what?

Back 32

- bowen's dz
- incasive SCC.

Front 33

What penile pathology is associated with with HPV and a lack of circumcision?

Back 33

SCC.

Front 34

Red velvety plaques, usually involving the glans... called what?
- similar to what?
- can progress to what?

Back 34

- Erythroplasia of Queyrat
- Bowen's dz
- SCC

Front 35

multiple papular lesions, mostly affecting younger age groups than Bowen's and Queyrat...
- dz?
- become invasive?

Back 35

- Bowenoid papulosis
- no.