Step 1: Repro Ii

Front 1

Painful bleeding in 3rd trimester might be what?
- associated with which hemeOnc sx?
- which factors predispose (3)?

Back 1

abruptio placentae: premature detachment of placenta from implantation site. fetal death.
- DIC
- smoking, HTN, cocaine use

Front 2

Massive bleeding post-delivery, mom doesn't pass placenta.
- Cause?
- predisposing factors?

Back 2

Placenta accreta
- defective decidual layers allos placenta to attach to myometrium.
- prior C-section, inflammation, and placenta previa

Front 3

Attachment of the placenta in the lower uterine segment is called what?
- sx?
- may cause what complications?
- predisposing factors?

Back 3

Placenta previa
- painless bleeding in any trimester
- placenta accreta,
- multiparity and prior C-section predispose.

Front 4

Where is the most often site of an ectopic pregnancy?
- confirm with what?

Back 4

Fallopian tube.
- Ultrasound.

Front 5

What is assoc. w/ polyhydramnios?

oligohydramnios?

Back 5

- >1.5-2L; esophageal/duodenal atresia, anencephaly.
- <0.5 L; placental insufficiency, bilateral renal agenesis, posterior urethral valves and resultant inability to excrete urine.
... can kick off Potter's sequence, leading to stuff like fused legs, club feet, failure of lung development.

Front 6

Differentiate between adenomyosis and endometriosis.

Back 6

adenomyosis is endometrium w/i the myometrium.

Endometriosisi is non-neoplastic glands/stroma in abnormal, non-uterine locations.

Front 7

Cyclic bleeding resulting in blood-filled (chocolate cysts) = ?

Back 7

Endometriosis.

Front 8

Abnormal endometrial gland proliferation usually caused by excess estrogen stimulation?
- cancer association?

Back 8

Endometrial hyperplasia.
- increased risk of endometrial carcinoma (most common GYN malignancy).

Front 9

What is the most common GYN malignancy?
- peak occurance?
- clinical presentation?
- risk factors?

Back 9

endometrial carcinoma.
- 55-65 years of age.
- postmenopausal vaginal bleeding.
- prolonged E w/o progestins, Obesity, DM, HTN, nulliparity, and late menopause.

Front 10

What is required for a corporate merger or consolidation?

Back 10

1. Bd. of Dir action and notice to S's 2. S approval of the disappearing companies. (it is only a fundamental corporate change for the corp that disappears. Approval must be 2/3 of shares entitled to vote, and the S's of the surviving corp in a merger must approve the deal only if consummation of the merger will result in one-sixth or more of the voting shares of the survivor going to shareholders of the disappearing company. 3. No S approvl is required in a "short form" merger, where a 90% or more owned subsidiary is merged into a parent corporation.
4. If approved, filed certificate of merger/ consolidation with Sec of State. 5. Dissenting S's have right of appraisal (corp that disappears.) 6. The surviving company suceeds to all rights and liabilities of the constituent companies.

Front 11

Tumor has a whorled pattern of smooth muscle bundles on histo --> dz?

Back 11

Leiomyoma.

Front 12

Most common GYN cancer worldwide?

In US?
- most serious prog?

Back 12

Cervical

Endometrial > ovarian > cervical
- ovarian > cervical > endometrial

Front 13

\\Estrogen, ^^LH and FSH in a woman post puberty but before age 40 = ?

Back 13

premature ovarian failure = premature atresia of ovarian follicles in women of reproductive age.

Front 14

Most common causes of anovulation?

Back 14

PCOS, obesity, Asherman's syndrome (adhesions), HPO axis abnormaltiies, premature ovarian fail, hyperprolactinemia, thyroid diz, eating dz, Cushing's, adreanl insufficiency.

Front 15

Pathophysiology of PCOS?
- presentation?
- effect on insulin?
- tx?

Back 15

^^LH production leads to anovulation.... hyperandrogenism due to deranged steroid synth by theca cells.
- enlarged bilateral cystic ovaries --> amenorrhea, infertiliy, obesity, and hirsuitism.
- causes insulin resistance
- WL, OCPs, gonadotropin analogs, clomiphene, or surgx.

Front 16

What type of cyst is associated with hyperestrinism and endometrial hyperplasia?

Hemorrhage into persistant corpus luteum?

Bilateral/multiple cysts due to gonadotropin stimulation, associated with choriocarcinoma and moles?

Back 16

Follicular cyst

corpus luteum cyst

Theca-lutein cyst.

Front 17

Given age, give me the most common type of GYN malignancy.
- 45yo
- 55yo
- 65yo

Back 17

- cervical
- endometrial
- ovarian

Front 18

What's the reason obesity is a risk factor for endometrial hyperplasia/carcinoma?

Back 18

^^E from excess peripheral fat.

Front 19

Any woman post menopausal with bleeding has what until proven otherwise?
- first step in dx?

Back 19

Endometrial cancer
- endometrial biopsy.

Front 20

What age groups are the ovarian germ cell tumors most common in?
- 4 types?

Back 20

Adolescents.
- TCDY: Teratoma; choriocarcinoma, Dysgerminoma, Yolk Sac tumor.

Front 21

50% of these tumors have structures that look like glomeruli (Schiller-Duval bodies)... found in the testes and ovaries. Yellow, friable, solid masses found in adolescents.
- tumor?
- marker?

Back 21

Yolk sac
- AFP

Front 22

Large, hyperchromatic syncytiotrophoblastic cells... associated with moles.
- dz?
- marker?
- can see which type of cysts?

Back 22

- Choriocarcinoma
- hCG
- theca-leutin

Front 23

Differentiate b/w immature, mature, and struma ovarii teratomas.

Back 23

immature are aggressively malignant; adult are the ones that form teeth and shit (dermoid cyst) = benign.

struma ovarii contain functional thyroid tissue, and can present with hyperthyroidism.

Front 24

What is the most common benign ovarian tumor?

Back 24

Mature teratoma (dermoid cyst).

Front 25

What is the general ovarian cancer marker for non-germ cell tumors?
- risk factor genes/dz?

Back 25

CA-125
- BRCA-1, HNPCC

Front 26

Malignant, and frequently bilateral tumors of the ovary = ?

Frequen

Back 26

serous cystadenoma

Front 27

Pain on defecation during menstruation = ?

Back 27

think about stuff in the pouch of douglas, like endometriosis.

Front 28

Is PCOS related to endometrial carcinoma? Why?

Back 28

yes. elevated estrogen lvls.

Front 29

Multilocular cyst lined by mucous-secreting epithelium.
- dz?
- malig/benign?
- type of tissue?

Malignant form is called what?
- associated with what complication?

Back 29

- mucinous cystadenoma
- benign
- intestine-like tissue

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
- pseudomyxoma peritonei - intraperitoneal accumulation of shit from the tumor.

Front 30

Signet ring tumor in ovary?

Back 30

Krukenberg's tumor from stomach.

Front 31

Tumor of the ovary that looks like bladder (transitional epithelium).
- dx?
- benign/malig?

Back 31

- Brenner's tumor
- benign.

Front 32

Presents with a pulling sensation in groin...
- dz
- seen on histo?
- What is Meig's syndrome?

Back 32

Fibromas.
- bundles of spindle shaped fibroblasts.
- triad of ovarina fibroma, ascites, and hydrothorax.

Front 33

Cell that can be seen in Granulosa cell tumors that secrete estrogen?

Back 33

small follicles filled with eosinophiic secretions (Call-Exner body)

Front 34

Women with exposure to DES in utero are at risk of developing which vaginal cancer?
- is that the overall most common vaginal malignancy?

Back 34

Clear cell adenocarcinoma.
- no, 2ndary SCC from cervical SCC is the overal most common.

Front 35

Girl <4yo presents with a tumor that has spindle shaped tumor cells.
- dz?
- variant of?
- cells will stain with what?

Back 35

- Sarcoma botryoides
- rhabdomyosarcoma variant)
- desmin positive.

Front 36

What is Bartholin's gland cyst?
- risk factor?

Back 36

A rare vaginal cancer that presents with pain in the labia majora

previous infection