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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Chronic infection w/ this trematode (fluke) can kead to squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder?
- tx? |
schistosma haematobium.
- praziquantel |
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Snails are hosts. cercariae penetrate skin of humans.
- organism? - can cuase what? - tx? - |
Schistosoma
granulomas, fibrosis, and inflamm of the spleen and liver. praziqnantel |
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Eating undercooked fish can infect you with what?
- sx? - associated with which neoplasm? - tx? |
Clonorchis sinensis
- inflamm of biliary tract --> pigmented gallstone. - cholangiocarcinoma - praziquantel |
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Eating undercooked crab meat can get you sick with what?
- causes what? - tx? |
Paragonimus westermani
- inflammation and secnodary bacterial infection of the lung --> hemoptysis - praziquantel |
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Food contaminated with eggs of organism--> intestinal infection. Positive Scotch tape test!
- organism? - class? - tx? |
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
- roundworm - bendazole or pyrantel |
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Trichinella spiralis
- gets in how? - causes what? - tx? |
undercooked meat/pork
inflammation of muscle via larval encyst; periorbital edema bendazoles |
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What is ascaria lumbricoides?
- see eggs in what? - causes what sx? - tx? |
Giant roundworm
- eggs visible in feces - intestinal infection - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate |
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Larve in soil penetrate skin... think what?
- sx? - tx? |
Strongyloides stercoralis
- intestinal infection, V&D + anemia - bendazole or ivermectin |
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Ancylostoma duodenale and necator americanus are what?
- get in how? - cause what, and how? - tx? |
Hookworms
- get in thru feet - anemia via sucking blood from intestinal walls - bendazole or pyrantel pamoate (treat bendy worms w/ mebendazole) |
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What roundworm gets in thru contaminated drinking water?
- sx? - tx? |
Dracunculus medinesis
- skin inflammation and ulceration - niridazole |
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Onchocerca volvulus is transmitted how?
- causes what? - tx & mnemonic? |
female blackflies
- hyperpigmented skin and "river blindness". - Ivermectin (IVERmectin for rIVER blindness) |
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You can see the worm carwling in the conjunctiva in what roundworm?
- transmitted? - sx? - tx? |
Loa loa
- deer fly, horse fly, mango fly - swelling in skin - diethylcarbamazine |
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What does Wuchereria bancrofti cause?
- delay of main dx? - vector? - tx |
elaphantitis (blockage of lymphatics)
- ~1y after bite - female mosquito - diethylcarbamazine |
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How do you get Toxocara canis?
- cause what? - tx? |
food contamination w/ eggs
- granulomas (if i/retina-->blindness), visceral larva migrans - diethylcarbamazine. |
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Undercooked pork... think what tapeworm?
- sx? - tx (2)? |
Taenia solium
- cystercercosis and neruocysteicercosis, mass lesions i/brain --> "Swiss cheese appearance" - praziquantel (bendazoles for neurocysticercosis) |
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Before removing echinococcus granulosis, surgeons should do what?
- infection route? - tx? |
inject ethanol to neutralize antigens in cysts to prevent them from causing anaplylaxis.
- eggs in dog feces - bendazoles |
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Eating raw, FRESHWATER fish can get you sick with what?
- causes what deficiency? - tx? |
Diphyllobothrium latum.
- B12 def --> megaloblastic anemia. - praziquantel. |
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You'll get sick if you EAT these?
These get into your feet from the SANd (cutaneous) |
Enterobius, Ascaris, Trichinella
Strongyloides, Ancylostoma, Necator. |
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- Brain cysts / seizures think?
- liver cysts? - B12 def? - bilitary tract dz/cholangiosarcoma - hemoptysis - portal HTN - hematuria, bladder cancer - microcytic anemia - perianal pruritus |
- taenia solium
- enchinococcus granulosus - diphyllobothrium latum - clonorchis sinesis - paragonimus westermani - schistosoma mansoni - schistosoma haematobium - ancylostoma, Neactor - Enterobius |
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Giardia lamblia
- two forms - sx - transmission - dx - tx |
- trophozoite and cyst
- fatty diarrhea - cysts in water - trophozoites or cysts in stool - metronidazole |
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Entamoeba histolytica
- 2 appearances? - sx + key words? - transmission - dx - tx |
- trophozoite w/ RBC's in it's cytoplasm or cyst w/ 4 nuclei
- ambebiasis: bloody diarrhea, liver abscess w/ RUQ pain. + Flask-shaped ulcer if abscess ruptures - cysts in water - serology and or either form in stool. Can also dx by seieng the RBCs in cytoplasm. - metronixazole and iodoquinol |
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Cryptosporidium
- sx - mechanism - transmission - dx - tx |
- severie diarrhea in AIDS, mild watery diarrhea in normals.
- intracellular multiplication in the brush border of intestine. - cysts in water - cysts on Acid fast stain. - prevention by filtering water supplies |
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Toxoplasma gondii
- sx? + classic sx of congenital dz? - transmission - dx - tx |
brain abscess in HIV (ring-enhancing).
+ "classic triad" chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, and intracranial calcifications. - cysts in meat or cat feces (crosses placenta --> pregnant women should avoid cats!) - serology/biopsy - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine |
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Naegleria fowleri
- sx - transmission - dx - tx |
- rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis
- swimming in freshwater lakes --> enter via cribriform plate. - amoebas in spinal fluid - none |
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Trypanosoma gambiense and Trypanosoma rhodensiense
- sx - transmission - dx - txfor blood dz? CNS penetration? |
- sleeping sickness: enlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever (antigenic variation), somnolence, coma
- tsetse fly (painful bite) - blood smear - Suramin for blood dz, Melarsoprol for CNS penetration. "SURe is nice to go to sleep; MELAtonin helps with sleep" |
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Trypanosma cruzi
- sx - transmission - dx - tx |
- Chagas dz (dilated cardiomyopathy, megaesophagus, megacolon)
- Reduviid bug (kissing bug, painless bite)... mainly in South America. - Blood smear - nifurtimox |
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Order of drugs to try for malaria?
- add what for which forms? |
chloroquine. if resistant, use mefloquine.
- add primaquine for vivax/ovale 'cause they have dormant forms in the liver. |
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Plasmodium vivax & ovale
- sx - transmission - dx - tx |
- malaria: cyclic fever, HA, anemia, splenomegaly --> cycles occur every other day. Have a dormant form in the liver.
- anopheles - blood smear - chloroquine, mefloquine if resistant. Add primaquine for dormant forms i/ liver. |
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Plasmodium falciparum
- sx - transmission - dx - tx - seen in what areas? |
- Severe malaria: cyclic fever, HA, anemia, splenomegaly. Fever correlates with period of RBC lysing. cytes are daily. Parasitized RBCs occlude cappillareis in brain (cerebral malaria), kidney, and lungs
- anopheles - blood smear - chloroquine, use mefloquine if resistant. - Southeast Asia, parts of Africa. |
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Babesia
- sx + area found? - transmission - dx - tx |
- babesiosis: more mild fever and hemolytic anemia
+ NE United States - Ixodes tick (same as Borrelia burgdorferi) - blood smear: no RBC pigment + "Maltese Cross". also has a ring form. - quinine, clindamycin. |
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Trichomonas vaginalis
- sx + don't confuse w/ what? - transmission - dx - tx |
- foul smelling vaginits; itching and burning.
+ Gardnerella vaginalis (gram -) causing vaginosis. - sexual - trophozoites (v. motile) on wet mount - metronidazole |
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Leishmania donovani
- sx - transmission - dx - tx |
- viscerial leishmaniasis: spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia
- sandfly - macrophages containing "Amastigotes" (form w/o flagella) - sodium stibogluconate |