Step 1: Microbiology Parasites

Front 1

Chronic infection w/ this trematode (fluke) can kead to squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder?
- tx?

Back 1

schistosma haematobium.
- praziquantel

Front 2

Snails are hosts. cercariae penetrate skin of humans.
- organism?
- can cuase what?
- tx?
-

Back 2

Schistosoma

granulomas, fibrosis, and inflamm of the spleen and liver.

praziqnantel

Front 3

Eating undercooked fish can infect you with what?
- sx?
- associated with which neoplasm?
- tx?

Back 3

Clonorchis sinensis
- inflamm of biliary tract --> pigmented gallstone.
- cholangiocarcinoma
- praziquantel

Front 4

Eating undercooked crab meat can get you sick with what?
- causes what?
- tx?

Back 4

Paragonimus westermani
- inflammation and secnodary bacterial infection of the lung --> hemoptysis
- praziquantel

Front 5

Food contaminated with eggs of organism--> intestinal infection. Positive Scotch tape test!
- organism?
- class?
- tx?

Back 5

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
- roundworm
- bendazole or pyrantel

Front 6

Trichinella spiralis
- gets in how?
- causes what?
- tx?

Back 6

undercooked meat/pork

inflammation of muscle via larval encyst; periorbital edema

bendazoles

Front 7

What is ascaria lumbricoides?
- see eggs in what?
- causes what sx?
- tx?

Back 7

Giant roundworm
- eggs visible in feces
- intestinal infection
- bendazole or pyrantel pamoate

Front 8

Larve in soil penetrate skin... think what?
- sx?
- tx?

Back 8

Strongyloides stercoralis
- intestinal infection, V&D + anemia
- bendazole or ivermectin

Front 9

Ancylostoma duodenale and necator americanus are what?
- get in how?
- cause what, and how?
- tx?

Back 9

Hookworms
- get in thru feet
- anemia via sucking blood from intestinal walls
- bendazole or pyrantel pamoate (treat bendy worms w/ mebendazole)

Front 10

What roundworm gets in thru contaminated drinking water?
- sx?
- tx?

Back 10

Dracunculus medinesis
- skin inflammation and ulceration
- niridazole

Front 11

Onchocerca volvulus is transmitted how?
- causes what?
- tx & mnemonic?

Back 11

female blackflies
- hyperpigmented skin and "river blindness".
- Ivermectin (IVERmectin for rIVER blindness)

Front 12

You can see the worm carwling in the conjunctiva in what roundworm?
- transmitted?
- sx?
- tx?

Back 12

Loa loa
- deer fly, horse fly, mango fly
- swelling in skin
- diethylcarbamazine

Front 13

What does Wuchereria bancrofti cause?
- delay of main dx?
- vector?
- tx

Back 13

elaphantitis (blockage of lymphatics)
- ~1y after bite
- female mosquito
- diethylcarbamazine

Front 14

How do you get Toxocara canis?
- cause what?
- tx?

Back 14

food contamination w/ eggs
- granulomas (if i/retina-->blindness), visceral larva migrans
- diethylcarbamazine.

Front 15

Undercooked pork... think what tapeworm?
- sx?
- tx (2)?

Back 15

Taenia solium
- cystercercosis and neruocysteicercosis, mass lesions i/brain --> "Swiss cheese appearance"
- praziquantel (bendazoles for neurocysticercosis)

Front 16

Before removing echinococcus granulosis, surgeons should do what?
- infection route?
- tx?

Back 16

inject ethanol to neutralize antigens in cysts to prevent them from causing anaplylaxis.
- eggs in dog feces
- bendazoles

Front 17

Eating raw, FRESHWATER fish can get you sick with what?
- causes what deficiency?
- tx?

Back 17

Diphyllobothrium latum.
- B12 def --> megaloblastic anemia.
- praziquantel.

Front 18

You'll get sick if you EAT these?

These get into your feet from the SANd (cutaneous)

Back 18

Enterobius, Ascaris, Trichinella

Strongyloides, Ancylostoma, Necator.

Front 19

- Brain cysts / seizures think?
- liver cysts?
- B12 def?
- bilitary tract dz/cholangiosarcoma
- hemoptysis
- portal HTN
- hematuria, bladder cancer
- microcytic anemia
- perianal pruritus

Back 19

- taenia solium
- enchinococcus granulosus
- diphyllobothrium latum
- clonorchis sinesis
- paragonimus westermani
- schistosoma mansoni
- schistosoma haematobium
- ancylostoma, Neactor
- Enterobius

Front 20

Giardia lamblia
- two forms
- sx
- transmission
- dx
- tx

Back 20

- trophozoite and cyst
- fatty diarrhea
- cysts in water
- trophozoites or cysts in stool
- metronidazole

Front 21

Entamoeba histolytica
- 2 appearances?
- sx
+ key words?
- transmission
- dx
- tx

Back 21

- trophozoite w/ RBC's in it's cytoplasm or cyst w/ 4 nuclei
- ambebiasis: bloody diarrhea, liver abscess w/ RUQ pain.
+ Flask-shaped ulcer if abscess ruptures
- cysts in water
- serology and or either form in stool. Can also dx by seieng the RBCs in cytoplasm.
- metronixazole and iodoquinol

Front 22

Cryptosporidium
- sx
- mechanism
- transmission
- dx
- tx

Back 22

- severie diarrhea in AIDS, mild watery diarrhea in normals.
- intracellular multiplication in the brush border of intestine.
- cysts in water
- cysts on Acid fast stain.
- prevention by filtering water supplies

Front 23

Toxoplasma gondii
- sx?
+ classic sx of congenital dz?
- transmission
- dx
- tx

Back 23

brain abscess in HIV (ring-enhancing).
+ "classic triad" chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, and intracranial calcifications.
- cysts in meat or cat feces (crosses placenta --> pregnant women should avoid cats!)
- serology/biopsy
- sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

Front 24

Naegleria fowleri
- sx
- transmission
- dx
- tx

Back 24

- rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis
- swimming in freshwater lakes --> enter via cribriform plate.
- amoebas in spinal fluid
- none

Front 25

Trypanosoma gambiense and Trypanosoma rhodensiense
- sx
- transmission
- dx
- txfor blood dz? CNS penetration?

Back 25

- sleeping sickness: enlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever (antigenic variation), somnolence, coma
- tsetse fly (painful bite)
- blood smear
- Suramin for blood dz, Melarsoprol for CNS penetration. "SURe is nice to go to sleep; MELAtonin helps with sleep"

Front 26

Trypanosma cruzi
- sx
- transmission
- dx
- tx

Back 26

- Chagas dz (dilated cardiomyopathy, megaesophagus, megacolon)
- Reduviid bug (kissing bug, painless bite)... mainly in South America.
- Blood smear
- nifurtimox

Front 27

Order of drugs to try for malaria?
- add what for which forms?

Back 27

chloroquine. if resistant, use mefloquine.
- add primaquine for vivax/ovale 'cause they have dormant forms in the liver.

Front 28

Plasmodium vivax & ovale
- sx
- transmission
- dx
- tx

Back 28

- malaria: cyclic fever, HA, anemia, splenomegaly --> cycles occur every other day. Have a dormant form in the liver.
- anopheles
- blood smear
- chloroquine, mefloquine if resistant. Add primaquine for dormant forms i/ liver.

Front 29

Plasmodium falciparum
- sx
- transmission
- dx
- tx
- seen in what areas?

Back 29

- Severe malaria: cyclic fever, HA, anemia, splenomegaly. Fever correlates with period of RBC lysing. cytes are daily. Parasitized RBCs occlude cappillareis in brain (cerebral malaria), kidney, and lungs
- anopheles
- blood smear
- chloroquine, use mefloquine if resistant.
- Southeast Asia, parts of Africa.

Front 30

Babesia
- sx
+ area found?
- transmission
- dx
- tx

Back 30

- babesiosis: more mild fever and hemolytic anemia
+ NE United States
- Ixodes tick (same as Borrelia burgdorferi)
- blood smear: no RBC pigment + "Maltese Cross". also has a ring form.
- quinine, clindamycin.

Front 31

Trichomonas vaginalis
- sx
+ don't confuse w/ what?
- transmission
- dx
- tx

Back 31

- foul smelling vaginits; itching and burning.
+ Gardnerella vaginalis (gram -) causing vaginosis.
- sexual
- trophozoites (v. motile) on wet mount
- metronidazole

Front 32

Leishmania donovani
- sx
- transmission
- dx
- tx

Back 32

- viscerial leishmaniasis: spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia
- sandfly
- macrophages containing "Amastigotes" (form w/o flagella)
- sodium stibogluconate