Step 1: Micro Part Iv Fungi

Front 1

Mississippi and Ohio river valleys. Causes pneumonia.
- pathogen?
- feature on histology?
- vector?
- type of fungi?

Back 1

Histoplasmosis
- hides w/i macrophages
- bird or bat droppings
- dipmorphic

Front 2

What fungi is found in states east of the mississippi, and Central America?
- causes what?
- histological appearance?

Back 2

Blastomycosis
- inflammatory lung dz and can disseminate to skin and bone. Forms granulomatous nodules.
- broad buds (yeast in humans, it's dimorphic)

Front 3

What are the four dimorphic fungi infecting humans?

Back 3

use a compass to get them, and to remember thier locales.

South: Paracoccidiodomycosis (Captain's wheel)
East: Blastomycosis (broad buds)
North/West of missippi: histoplasmosis
SouthWest US: Coccidioidomycosis (spherules filled with endospores >>> RBC)

Front 4

What can the dimorphic fungi found in the SW US cause?
- what geological event ^^ cases?
- histological appearance?

Back 4

pneumonia and meningitis. Can disseminate to bone and skin.
- earthquake
- >>RBC, big spheres filled with endospores.

Front 5

Which is the only dipmorphic fungi that is NOT a yeast in tissue?

Back 5

Coccidioidomycosis: it's just a big sphere.

Front 6

which dimorphic fungi can cause pneumonia? which can disseminate?

Treatment for all four?

Back 6

All 4 can do both.

fluconazole or ketoconazole for local infection

amphotericin B for systemic infection.

Front 7

systemic mycosis can mimic what dz?

Back 7

TB.

Front 8

Disorganized balls and strands on KOH?
- pathogenesis?
- tx?

Back 8

"Spaghetti and meatball"
Tinea Versicolor, caused by Malassezia furfur.
- degrades lipids and produces acids that damage melanocytes --> hypopigmented skin patches.
- topical miconazole, selenium sulfide (Selsun).

Front 9

Name some dermatophytes.
- see what on KOH?
- dimorphic?

Back 9

Mycrosporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton.
- mold hyphae
- no.

Front 10

What is a resevoir for Microsporum?
- tx?

Back 10

Pets.
- topical azoles.

Front 11

What causes oral and esophageal thrush in immunocompromised?
- causes what in women with high pH, diabetes, or use of antibx?
- what organs can it disseminate to?
- tx?

Back 11

Candida albicans
- vulvovaginitis
- ANY organ
- nystatin for superficial, amphotercin B for systemic.

Front 12

What causes diaper rash?

Back 12

Candida albicans (babies aren't quite immunocompetant)

Front 13

What causes chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis?

Back 13

Candida albicans

Front 14

What mold branches at acute angles (45degrees) and infects the immunocompromised?
- type of dz caused?

Back 14

aspergillus fumigatus
- allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, lung cavitary aspergillus (fungal ball), or invasive aspergillosis.

Front 15

Latex agglutination test detects this in the CSF.
- appearance?
- found where before infection?
- culture on what?
- what CNS lesions are caused?

Back 15

Crytococcus neoformans. India ink can also get it (picks up the capsule).
- heavily encapsulated yeast.
- soil and pigeon droppings
- Sabouraud's agar
- "Soap bubble" lesions in brain.

Front 16

Mold with irregular, nonseptate hyphae branching at WIDE angles (>90degrees)?
- mainly found in whom?
- CNS lesions seen?

Back 16

Mucor and Rhizopus = Mycormycosis
- ketoacidotic diabetic and leukemic pts.
- Rhinocerebral, frontal lobe abscesses.

Front 17

What fungi can proliferate in the walls of blood vessels and cause infarction and necrosis of distal tissue?

Back 17

Mucor, Rhizopus = mucormycosis.

Front 18

What produces a yeast w/ pseudohypae when cultured at 20 degrees?
- what is diagnostic?

Back 18

Candida albicans
- germ tube formation at 37 degrees.

Front 19

When should prophylaxis for pneumocystic jiroveci be started in AIDs pts?
- tx?
- identified by what?

Back 19

CD4 below 200
- TMP/SMX, pentamidine, dapsone.
- lung biopsy or lavage showing tongs of black dots on methenamine silver stain.

Front 20

What fungi causes local pustule or ulcer w/ nodules along draining lymphatics (ascending lymphagitis)?
- dz name?
- dimorphic?
- lives where?
- appearance?
- tx?

Back 20

Sporothrix schenckii
- sporotrichosis
- yes!
- on vegetation.
- yeast form w/ unequal budding. Cigar-shaped yeast visable in pus.
- itraconazole or potassium iodide.