Step 1 Mental Case Drugs

Front 1

Bethanecol

Back 1

Direct cholinergic agonist

Hint 1

Activates Bowel and Bladder

Front 2

Carbachol

Back 2

Direct cholinergic agonist

Hint 2

Tx of glaucoma, causes pupil/ciliary Constriction, relieves IOC

Front 3

Pilocarpine

Back 3

Direct cholinergic agonist

Hint 3

Activates sweat, tears, saliva. For the EMERGENT tx of glaucoma

Front 4

Methacholine

Back 4

Direct cholinergic agonist

Hint 4

Bronchoconstriction. used to challenge test for asthma - exaggerated constriction = positive test

Front 5

Neostigmine

Back 5

Anticholinesterases (indirect agonist)

Hint 5

Ileus, urinary retention, myasthenia gravis, reversal of NMS block (post-op). NO CNS

Front 6

Pyridostigmine

Back 6

Anticholinesterases (indirect agonist)

Hint 6

MG, NO CNS

Front 7

Edrophonium

Back 7

Anticholinesterases (indirect agonist)

Hint 7

VERY short acting. Diagnostic test for myasthenia gravis (relief of sx's = positive test)

Front 8

Physostigmine and Echothiophate

Back 8

Anticholinesterases (indirect agonist)

Hint 8

Glaucoma

Front 9

Atropine

Back 9

Muscarinic antagonist

Hint 9

Blocks DUMBBELLSS

Front 10

Benztropine

Back 10

Muscarinic antagonist

Hint 10

CNS - Parkinson's Disease

Front 11

Scopolamine

Back 11

Muscarinic antagonist

Hint 11

Motion sickness

Front 12

Ipratropium

Back 12

Muscarinic antagonist

Hint 12

Asthma, COPD

Front 13

Hexamethonium

Back 13

Nicotinic agonist

Hint 13

Prevents reflex bradycardia from excess NE

Front 14

Epinephrine

Back 14

Direct sympathomimetic (catecholamine). a/b, only B1 at low doses

Hint 14

Anaphylaxis, glaucoma, asthma, hypotension.

Front 15

Norepinephrine

Back 15

Direct sympathomimetic (catecholamine). Mostly a, some b

Hint 15

Hypotension. Causes splanchnic vasoconstriction and decreased renal perfusion

Front 16

Isoproterenol

Back 16

B agonist

Hint 16

AV conduction block, decreasing diastolic BP, increasing heart rate

Front 17

Dopamine

Back 17

D1D2, B and A agonist

Hint 17

Inotropic and chronotropic. For shock, esp with HF

Front 18

Dobutamine

Back 18

B1>B2 agonist

Hint 18

Inotropic. HF. The drug used in cardiac stress tests

Front 19

Ritodrine

Back 19

B2 agonist

Hint 19

Reduces premature uterine contractions

Front 20

Metaproterenol, Albuterol, Salmeterol, Terbutaline

Back 20

B2 agonists

Hint 20

Asthma

Front 21

Amphetamines

Back 21

Indirect sympathomimetic (catecholamine release and blocked reuptake)

Hint 21

Narcolepsy, obesity, ADHD

Front 22

Ephedrine

Back 22

Indirect sympathomimetic (induces catecholamine release)

Hint 22

Nasal congestion, urinary incontinence, hypotension

Front 23

Cocaine

Back 23

Indirect sympathomimetic (blocks reuptake of catecholamines)

Hint 23

Vasoconstriction, local anesthesia

Front 24

Tyrosine

Back 24

Indirect sympathomimetic (similar to amphetamines)

Hint 24

Cleared by MAO, so MAOIs can cause hypertension, with wine and cheese

Front 25

Clonidine

Back 25

Sympathoplegic (a2)

Hint 25

HTN

Front 26

a-methyldopa

Back 26

Sympathoplegic (a2)

Hint 26

HTN

Front 27

Phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine

Back 27

A blocker, non-selective

Hint 27

Pheochromocytoma - BEFORE tumor removal, to prevent catechol storm, Raynaud's.

Front 28

Prazosin, Terzosin, Doxazosin

Back 28

A blocker, a1 specific

Hint 28

HTN, BPH/urinary retention. Can cause orthostatic hypotension

Front 29

Mirtazipine

Back 29

A blocker, a2 specific

Hint 29

Depression. Can cause sedation, increased appetite

Front 30

Propranolol, Timolol, Nadolol, Pindolol

Back 30

BB, non-selective

Hint 30

Propranolol - migranes, Timolol - glaucoma

Front 31

Metoprolol, Atenolol, Betaxolol, Esmolol

Back 31

BB, B1 specific

Hint 31

HTN

Front 32

Carvedilol, Labetalol

Back 32

Mixed A/B blockers

Hint 32

HTN

Front 33

Pindolol, Acebutolol

Back 33

Partial B-agonists

Hint 33

HTN

Front 34

PCN spectrum

Back 34

Gram (+) and Syphilis

Front 35

PCN MOA

Back 35

Blocks cell wall cross-linking, causing rupture

Front 36

HELPS kill Enterococci

Back 36

Amoxicillin/Ampicillin extended spectrum: H. flu, E. coli, Listeria, Proteus, Salmonella, Enterococci

Front 37

TCP

Back 37

Takes Care of Pseudomonas: Ticarcillin, Carbenicillin, Piperacillin

Front 38

PEcK

Back 38

1G Cephalosporin coverage: Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella

Front 39

HEN PeCKS

Back 39

2G Cephalosporin coverage: H. flu, Enterobacter, Neisseria, Proteus, E. coli. Klebsiella, Serratia

Front 40

Buy AT 30

Back 40

Inhibits 30S ribosomal subunit = Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines

Front 41

CCELL at 50

Back 41

Inhibits 50S ribosomal subunit = Choramphenicol, Clindamycin, Erythromycin, Lincomycin, Linezolid

Front 42

GNATS canNOT kill anaerobes

Back 42

Aminoglycosides, no activity against anaerobes: Gentamicin, Neomycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin

Front 43

Anaerobic infections above the diaphragm

Back 43

Clindamycin

Front 44

Gray baby syndrome

Back 44

Side effect of chloramphenicol: preemies lack liver UDP-glucuronyl transferase, can't process chloramphenicol

Front 45

Don’t give Sulfa drugs, thiazides, acetazolamide, furosemide, celecoxib, probenecid

Back 45

For sulfa allergies

Front 46

Flagellated bugs and anaerobes below the diaphragm

Back 46

Metronidazole

Front 47

B-lactamase production

Back 47

MOA of resistance for PCN, cephalosporins

Front 48

Acetylation

Back 48

MOA of resistance for aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol

Front 49

Increased efflux, export

Back 49

MOA of resistance for tetracyclines, sulfonamides

Front 50

Altered drug binding site

Back 50

MOA of resistance for vancomycin

Front 51

SAFE Moms Take Really Good Care

Back 51

Abx to avoid in pregnancy: Sulfonamides (kernicterus); Aminoglycosides (oto); Fluoroquinolones (cartilage); Erythromycin (acute cholestatic hepatitis); Metronidazole (mutagenesis); Tetracyclines (discolored teeth, inhibition of bone growth); Ribavirin (teratogen); Griseofulvin (teratogen); Chloramphenicol (gray baby)