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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the formula for IQ in the Standord-Binet IQ test?
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(mental age/chronological age) x 100
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What test can be used to quantify intellectual decline?
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WAIS III
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What test is used for children between 6 and 16?
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WISC
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What is the standard deviation for IQ?
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15
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What are the cutoffs in IQ for MR, severe MR, and profound MR?
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MR <70
Severe < 40 Profound <20 |
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Instinct, subconscious
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Id
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Mediator between urges and acceptable behavior
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ego
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moral values, conscience, can lead to self-blame
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superego
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What are the 2 examples of social learning?
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Shaping
Modeling |
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What is the crisis of Erikson's stages:
- Oral-sensory (0-18 months) - Adolescence (12-20 years) |
Oral-sensory: trust-mistrust
Adolescence: identity-role confusion |
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Avoided feelings/ideas are transferred to a neutral person or object:
E.g. Mother places blame on child because she's angry at her husband |
Displacement
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Temporary, drastic change in personality, memory, behavior or consciousness to avoid emotional stress
E.g. multiple personality disorder (extremem) |
Dissociation
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Unacceptable internal impulse is attributed to someone else
E.g. Person wants to cheat on partner, then suspects partner of cheating |
Projections
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Partially remaining at a more childish level of development
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Fixation
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Turning back the maturational clock to early modes of dealing with the world
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Regression
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Involuntary withholding of an idea or feeling from conscious awareness
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Repression
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Voluntary withholding of an idea or feeling from conscious awareness
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Suppression
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Subdural hematomas
Retinal detachment/hemorrhage Who likely caused this? |
Primary caregiver, female
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Genital/anal trauma
STDs/UTIs 9-12 years old Who likely caused this? |
Someone known to victim, male
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Withdrawn, unresponsive infant after continuous separation from caregiver
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Anaclitic depression
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Treatments for:
- onset before age 7 - limited attention span - poor impulse control |
ADHD:
- methylphenidate - amphetamines - atomoxetine (nonstimulant SNRI) |
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Repetitive behavior that violates social norms (theft, aggression, destruction of property, etc)
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- Conduct disorder (<18)
- Antisocial personality disorder (>18) |
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Pattern of hostile behavior towards authority figures
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ODD
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Treatment for:
- onset <18 - coprolalia (in 20%) - tics or stereotyped motor movements - associated with OCD |
Antipsychotics (e.g. Haloperidol)
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- onset at 7-9 years
- factitious physical complaints to avoid going to school |
Separation anxiety
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Treatment for
- language impairment - poor social interactions - focus on objects rather than people - below-normal intelligence |
Autism:
- behavioral and social therapy, e.g. shaping |
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- X-linked, only in girls
- normal until age 4 - regression with MR, ataxia, loss of verbal abilities, hand-wringing |
Rett's disorder
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- normal intelligence and verbal skills
- all-absorbing interests - repetitive behavior - problems with social relationships |
Asperger's
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- 3-4 year old
- regression in multiple areas of functioning (language, social, bowel/bladder control, play, motor) |
Childhood disintegrative disorder
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Increased NE
Decreased GABA Decreased 5-HT |
anxiety
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Decreased NE
Decreased 5-HT Decreased dopamine |
depression
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Decreased ACh
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Alzheimer's
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Decreased GABA
Decreased ACh |
Huntington's disease
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Increased dopamine
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schizophrenia
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Decreased dopamine
Increased ACh |
Parkinson's disease
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What is the order in which person, time, and place are lost?
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1st - time
2nd - place 3rd - person |
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How does amnesia induced by thiamine deficiency manifest?
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anterograde amnesia
bilateral destruction of mamillary bodies confabulation |
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Inability to recall important personal information subsequent to severe trauma or stress
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Dissociative amnesia
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Causes of:
waxing and waning of consciousness acute onset visual hallucinations abnormal EEG illusions misperceptions impairment of recent memory |
Delirium:
- many causes - drugs with anticholinergic effects |
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Effect of the following on EEG:
- Alzheimer's disease - vascular thrombosis/hemorrhage - HIV - Pick's disease - substance abuse - CJD |
Dementia --> no change in EEG
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visual hallucinations associated with
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delirium
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auditory hallucinations associated with
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schizophrenia
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olfactory hallucinations associated with
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aura of psychomotor epilepsy
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tactile hallucinations associated with
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alcohol withdrawal (formication)
cocaine abuse ("cocaine bugs") |
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hypnagogic hallucination
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when going to sleep
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hypnopompic hallucination
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when waking from sleep
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5 subtypes of schizophrenia?
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1. paranoid
2. disorganized 3. catatonic 4. undifferentiated 5. residual |
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Increased dopaminergic activity
Decreased dendritic branching Marijuana is risk factor in teens |
schizophrenia
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2+ weeks of stable mood with psychotic symptoms plus a major depressive, manic, or mixed episode
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schizoaffective disorder
- bipolar - depressive |
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Fixed, nonbizarre beliefs
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Delusional disorder
Shared psychotic disorder (folie a deux) |
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2 or more distinct identities/ personality states
more common in women |
dissociative identity disorder
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feeling detachment or estrangement from oneself
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depersonalization disorder
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abrupt change in geographic location with inability to recall past
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dissociative fugue
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Criteria for manic episode (need 3+)
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DIG FAAST
1. Distractability 2. Irresponsibility 3. Grandiosity 4. Flight of ideas 5. Activities - goal directed 6. Agitation - psychomotor 7. decreased need for Sleep 8. Talkativeness |
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Treatments for bipolar disorder
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- mood stabilizers (Lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine)
- atypical antipsychotics |
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2 or more major depressive episodes with a symptom-free interval of 2+ months
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major depressive episode, recurrent
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milder form of depression lasting at least 2 years
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dysthymia
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milder form of bipolar disorder lasting at least 2 years
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cyclothymic disorder
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SIG E CAPS
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Sleep disturbance
loss of Interest (anhedonia) Guilt loss of Energy loss of Concentration Appetite/weight changes Psychomotor retardation Suicidal ideations Depressed mood |
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Sleep changes in depression
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Decreased Stage IV
Decreased sleep latency Increased total REM Increased REM early in cycle Nighttime awakenings Early morning awakenings |
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Treatment for:
- hypersomnia - overeating - weight gain - sensitivity to rejection |
atypical depression:
- MAOIs - SSRIs |
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Risk factors for electroconvulsive therapy
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- disorientation
- amnesia - risks reduced if ECT is unilateral |
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Risk factors for suicide
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SAD PERSONS
- Sex (male) - Age (teens, elderly) - Depression - Prior attempt - Ethanol or drugs - loss of Rational thinking - Sickness - Organized plan - No spouse - Social support lacking |
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Treatment for:
- recurring periods of fear/discomfort - associated with HTN, peptic ulcers |
Panic attacks:
- cognitive behavioral therapy - SSRIs - TCAs - benzodiazepines |
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Treatment for specific phobias?
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- systemic desensitization
- SSRIs (social anxiety) |
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Difference between OCD and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?
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In OCD, the behavior is inconsistent with one's beliefs/ attitudes (ego dystonic)
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Treatment for OCD?
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SSRIs
clomipramine |
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Treatment for PTSD? (>1 month)
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SSRIs
psychotherapy |
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emotional symptoms causing impairment following an identifiable psychosocial stressor and lasting > 6 months
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adjustment disorder
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treatment for generalized anxiety disorder? (>6 months)
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benzodiazepines
buspirone SSRIs |
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Pt consciously fakes disorder for secondary clain
Avoids treatment by medical personnel Complaints cease after gain |
malingering
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Pt consciously fakes disorder to assume "sick role"
Wants medical attentions |
Factitious disorder
Munchausen's syndrome is chronic factitious disorder Munchausen's by proxy - illness in child caused by caregiver, form of child abuse |
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What are the 3 cluster A personality disorders?
With what other disorders are they associated genetically? |
1. Paranoid (projections, distrust)
2. Schizoid (social isolation) 3. Schizotypal (eccentric, magical thinking) Associated with schizophrenia |
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What are the 3 cluster B personality disorders?
With what other disorders are they associated genetically? |
1. Antisocial (sociopaths)
2. Borderline 3. Histrionic 4. Narcissistic Associated with mood disorders and substance abuse |
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What are the 3 cluster C personality disorders?
With what other disorders are they associated genetically? |
1. Avoidant
2. Obsessive-compulsive 3. Dependent Associated with anxiety disorders |
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Weight < 85% IBW
Decreased bone density Metatarsal stress fractures Amenorrhea Anemia Electrolyte disturbances Coexists with depression |
Anorexia nervosa
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normal body weight
parotitis enamel erosion electrolyte disturbances alkalosis dorsal hand calluses (Russel's sign) |
bulimia nervosa
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