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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Bacteriostatic
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"ECSTaTiC about bacteriostatics"
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Erythromycin
Clindomycin Sufamethoxazole Trimenthoprim Tetracyclines Chloramphenicol |
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Bactericidal
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"Very Finely Proficient At Cell Murder"
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Vancomycin
Fluorquinolones Penicillin Aminoglycosides Cephalosporins Metronidazole |
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Penicillin (prototype Beta-lactam)
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MOA:
1. binds penicillin-binding protein 2. blocks transpeptidase cross-linking of cell wall 3. activates autolytic enzymes bactericidal for gram + c/r, and gram - c, and spirochetes |
SE: hypersensitivity reactions, hemolytic anemia
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Methicillin, Nafcillin, Dixloxacillin (penicillinase resistant penicillins)
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MOA: same as penicillin, narrower spectrum
resistance to beta lactamase is due to the bulkier R group USE: staph aureus |
TOX: hypersensitivity reactions,
methicillin-insterstitial nephritis. |
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ampicillin, amoxicillin (aminopenicillins)
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MOA: same as penicillin. wider spectrum. combine with clavulanic acid to inhibit penicillinase and enhance the spectrum.
amOxicillin has better Oral bioavailability. USE: gram + bact and gram - rods. |
TOX: pseudomembranous colitis, hypersensitivity. ampicillin rash!
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Ampicillin and Amoxicillin HELPS
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H flu
E coli Listeria monocytogenes Proteus mirabilis Samonella enterococci. |
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Ticarcillin, Carbenicillin, Pipercillin
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antipseudomonals.
TCP=Takes Care Pseudomonas use with clavulanic acid |
tox: hs reactions.
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Cephalosporins mechanism of action and tox
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Beta-lactam drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis but are less susceptible to penicillinases. Bacteriocidal.
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hs reactions
cross-hs reactions with penicillins increase nephrotox of aminoglycosides diulfram-like reaction with EtOH only with methylthiotetrazole group |
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1st generation cephalosporins
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cefazolin
cephalexin |
gram + cocci, Proteus, E coli, Klebsiella
"PEcK" |
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2nd generation cephalosporins
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cefoxin
cefaclor cefuoxime |
gram + cocci and "HEN PEcKS"
H flu Enterobacter aerogenes Neisseria Proteus E coli Klebsiella Serratia |
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3rd generation Cephalosporins
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Cefriaxone
cefotaxime ceftazidime |
serious gram - infections resistant to other beta-lactams.
meningitis ceftriaxone for gonorrhea ceftazidime for pseudomonas |
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4th generation cephaosporins
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cefepime
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increased activity against pseudomonas and gram + organisms
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Aztreonam
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monobactam resistant to B-lactamases.
binds to PBP3 to inhibit cell wall synthsis. synergistic with aminoglycosides |
gram negative rods only
used for those with aminoglycoside intolerance due to renal insufficiency. |
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imipenem with cilastatin
meropenem |
imipenem is a broad spectrum beta-lactamase resistant carbapenem. administered with cilastatin to inhibit the renal dihydropeptidase I which inactivates imipenem.
meropenem is resistant to that on its own. and has a reduced risk of seizures |
Drug of choice for Enterobacter.
can cause GI distress, rash, and sz at high plasma levels. |
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Vancomycin
MOA USE |
inhibits cell wall mucopeptide formation by binding D-ala D-ala portion of cell wall precursors.
bacteriocidal |
used for serious gram positive multidrug resistant organisms
S aureus Clostridium difficile |
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Vancomycin
resistance mechanism tox |
resistance is plasmid mediated. it changes from D-ala D-ala to D-ala D-lac.
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Nephrotoxic, Ototoxic, anThromboplebitis
Red Man Syndrome (prevent with antihistamines and slow infusion) |
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30S protein synthesis inhibitors
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Aminoglycosides--bactericidal
streptomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin. Tetracyclins--bacteristatic |
block A site binding
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50S protein synthesis inhibitors
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Clindomycin, Chloramphenicol (static)
Erythromycin (static) Lincomycin (static) Linezolid (variable) |
Chloramphenicol blocks peptidyl transfer
clindo, erythro, and linco block translocation linezolid blocks 50S from initiator tRNA |
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aminoglycosides
(gentamicin, neomycin, amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin) |
bactericidal.
inhibit formation of the initiation complex and cause misreading of mRNA. require Oxygen. |
cannot be used for anarobes.
neomycin for bowel surgery |
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aminoglycosides tox
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nephrotoxic--esp with cephalosporins
ototoxic--esp with loops teratogen |
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Tetracyclines
(tetracycline, doxycycline, demeclocycline, minocycline) |
bacteriostatic.
bind to 30S and prevent attachment of the aminoacyl-tRNA. limited CNS penetration. |
DO NOT TAKE WITH milk, antacids, or iron-containing preps because divalent cations prevent its absorption in the gut
contraindicated in pregnancy photosensitivity |
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use of tetracyclines
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vibrio cholerae
acne chlamydia ureaplasm urealyticum mycoplasma pneumo tularemia H pylori Borrelia burgdorferi rickettsia |
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doxyclycline
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fecally eliminated
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use in renal failure
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demeclocycline
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ADH antagonist
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acts as diuretic in SIADH
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Macrolides
(erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin) |
inhibit protein synthesis by blocking translocation. bind to 23S of the 50S subunit
bacteriostatic |
GI discomfort (causes noncompliance) acute cholestatic hepatitis, eosinophilia, rashes,
increases theophylline and warfarin concentration |
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Macrolides use
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URIs
pneumonia STI's mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia, neisseria |
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Chloramphenicol
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imhibits the 50S peptidyltransferase activity.
bacteriostatic. |
Anemia (dose dependent)
aplastic anemia (dose dependent) gray baby *because they lack liver UDP-glucuronyl transferase |
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Chloramenicol use
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meningitis
h flu neisseria meningitidis strep pneumo |
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Clindamycin
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treats anarobes above the diaphragm.
bacteriostatic |
causes pseudomembranous colitis. fever. diarrhea
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Sulfonamides
(Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfisoxazole, sulfadiazine) |
PABA antimetabolites inhibit dihydropteroate synthase
bacteriostatic |
gram + and -
nocardia chlamydia SMX or triples for simple UTI |
