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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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tolbutamid
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first generation sulfonylurea
mech: close K+ channel in beta cell membrane so that cell depolarizes, releasing more insulin clincal use: useful in type 2 DM toxicity: disulfram-like effects |
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chlorpropamide
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first generation sulfonylurea
mech: close K+ channel in beta cell membrane so that cell depolarizes, releasing more insulin clincal use: useful in type 2 DM toxicity: disulfram-like effects |
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glyburide
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2nd generation sulfonylurea
mech: close K+ channels, beta cells depolarize, releasing more insulin use: type 2 DM side effects: hypoglycemia |
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glimepiride
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2nd generation sulfonylurea
mech: close K+ channels, beta cells depolarize, releasing more insulin use: type 2 DM side effects: hypoglycemia |
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glipizide
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2nd generation sulfonylurea
mech: close K+ channels, beta cells depolarize, releasing more insulin use: type 2 DM side effects: hypoglycemia |
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metformin
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biguanide
exact mechanism unkown - decrease glconeogenesis, increase glycolysis, lower glucose levels (insulin sensitizer) use - type 2 DM toxicity: lactic acidosis |
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glitazones
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rosiglitazone, pioglitazone
mech: increase target cell response to insulin by regulating adipokines use: monotherapy or combined for type 2 DM toxicity: wieght gain, edema, hepato and cardio toxic perhaps |
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acarbose
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alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
mechanism - delayed sugar hydrolysis/glucose absorption at brush border use: T2DM side effects: GI |
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miglitol
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alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
delays sugar hydrolysis and glucose uptake at brush border Use: type 2 DM side effects: GI |
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pramlintide
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mimics amylin, which lower glucagon and sensities insulin effects
use: t2dm, type 1 also? side effects: hypoglycemia, nausea, diarrhea |
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exenatide
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raises insulin, lowers glucagon release
use: type 2 side effects: N/V, maybe pancreatitis |
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orlistat
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inhibits pancreatic lipase
use: obesity side effects: steatorhaa, GI discomfort, reduced absorption of ADEK |
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sibutramine
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mechanism: sympathomimetic serotonin, NE reuptake inhibitor
use: obesity toxicity: htn, tachycardia |
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propylthiouraicl, methimazole
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mechanism: inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis, decreased peripheral conversion T4 to T3 (propylthiouracil)
use: hyperthyroid toxicity: rare agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia. rash. |
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GH
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GH deficiency, turners
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somatostatin (octreotide)
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acromegaly, carcinoid syndrome, gastrinoma, glucagonoma
inhibits GH, TSH and all the gastropeptides (VIP, gastrin etc) |
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oxytocin
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stimulates labor and ocntraction, milk let-down
controls uterine hemorrhage |
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ADH (desmopressin)
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central DI
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levothyroxine
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hypothyroid, myxedema
toxicity: tachycardia, heat intolerance, tremors, arrhythima |
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demeclocycline
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ADH antagonist
used for SIADH toxicity: photosensitivity; abnormalities of bone and teeth |
