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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In normal circumstances, what are fatty acids and amino acids metabolized to in the liver?
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Acetoacetate
Beta-Hydroxybutyrate |
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What is depleted in prolonged starvation or diabetic ketoacidosis?
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Oxaloacetate
(needed for gluconeogenesis) Shunts Glucose and FFA toward Ketone Production |
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What is the citrate shuttle for?
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Synthesis o f gatty acids starting with acetyl CoA shuttle to the cell cytoplasm
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What is the carnitine shuttle for?
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Fatty acid breakdown by shuttleing Acyl-CoA into the mitochondria
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What is necessary to transport long chain fatty acids into the mitochondria?
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Carnitine
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What are the findings in carnitine deficiency?
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toxic accumulation of LCFAs,
Weakness, hypotonia, Hypoketotic Hypoglycemia |
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What is utilized in a 100 m dash?
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Stored ATP, creatine phosphate, anaerobic glycolysis
(seconds) |
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What is utilized in a 1000 m run?
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Stored ATP, creatine phosphate, anaerobic glycolysis PLUS
Oxidative Phosphorylation (minutes) |
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How long does it take for glycogen reserves to be depleted in starvation?
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1 day
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What become the main energy source for the brain and heart after 3 days of starvation?
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Ketone Bodies
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What is the rate limiting step of cholesterol synthesis?
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HMG-CoA Reductase
(HMG-CoA--> Mevalonate) |
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What do statins inhibit?
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HMG-CoA Reductase
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What is deficient in Abetalipoproteinemia?
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apoB-100 and apoB-48
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What are the findings of Abetalipoproteinemia and when does it start showing up?
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FTT, Steatorrhea, Acanthocytosis,
Ataxia, Night Blindness, Within the first few months of life |
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What is the inheritance pattern of Abetalipoproteinemia?
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Autosomal Recessive
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What familial dyslipidemia is Autosomal Dominant?
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IIa- Familial Hypercholesterolemia
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What are the findings in Familial Hypercholesterolemia?
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Accelerated Atherosclerosis,
Achilles Xanthomas, Corneal Arcus |
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What are the findings in Type I familial dyslipidemia?
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Increased Chylomicrons and Elevated TG and Cholesterol in the blood
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What is the pathophysiology of hyperchylomicronemia?
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Pancreatitis, H/S megaly, eruptive/pruritic xanthomas
NO increased risk of atherosclerosis |
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What causes Type IV familial dyslipidemia, Hypertriglyceridemia?
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Hepatic overproduction of VLDL leading to increased VLDL and elevated blood levels of TAGs. (pancreatitis)
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