Step 1 - Biochem - Amino Acids

Front 1

Derivatives of phenylalanine

Back 1

Tyrosine, thyroxine, Dopa, melanin, catacholamines (DA, NE, E)

Front 2

Derivatives of tyrosine

Back 2

Thyroxine, Dopa, melanin, catecholamines (DA, NE, E)

Front 3

Derivatives of Dopa

Back 3

Melanin, catecholamines (DA, NE, E)

Front 4

Derivatives of tryptophan

Back 4

Serotonin --> melatonin
Niacin --> NAD/NADP

Front 5

Derivatives of histidine

Back 5

Histamine

Front 6

Derivatives of glycine

Back 6

Porphyrin --> heme

Front 7

Derivatives of arginine

Back 7

Creatine
Urea
NO

Front 8

Derivatives of glutamate

Back 8

GABA
Glutathione (antioxidant)

Front 9

Derivatives of methionine

Back 9

SAM

Front 10

Serotonin is derived from this amino acid

Back 10

Tryptophan

Front 11

These amino acids are derived from other amino acids

Back 11

Tyrosine from phenylalanine
Cysteine from methionine

Front 12

Neurotransmitters are derived from these amino acids

Back 12

GABA from glutamate, catecholamines from phenylalanine/tyrosine, serotonin from tryptophan, and NO from arginine

Front 13

Porphyrin is derived from this amino acid

Back 13

Glycine

Front 14

Creatine is derived from this amino acid

Back 14

Arginine

Front 15

Urea is derived from this amino acid

Back 15

Arginine

Front 16

Nitric oxide, a vasodilator that exerts its effect via cyclic GMP, is derived from this amino acid

Back 16

Arginine

Front 17

GABA is derived from this amino acid

Back 17

Glutamate

Front 18

SAM, the universal methyl donor, is derived from this amino acid

Back 18

Methionine

Front 19

This vitamin is derived from this amino acid

Back 19

Niacin is derived from tryptophan

(thus it is not truly a vitamin, since it can technically be synthesized)

Front 20

Melatonin is derived from this amino acid

Back 20

Tryptophan, via serotonin intermediate

Front 21

Melanin is derived from this amino acid

Back 21

Phenylalanine --> tyrosine --> Dopa --> melanin

Front 22

Thyroxine is derived from this amino acid

Back 22

Tyrosine (which in turn is derived from phenylalanine)

Phenylalanine --> tyrosine --> thyroxine

Front 23

These are the essential amino acids

Back 23

Phenylalanine, valine, threonine, tryptophan, isoleucine, methionine, (histidine), (arginine), leucine, lysine

[His, Arg only essential during growth. Leucine and lysine are ketogenic, and therefore given to treat pyruvate DH deficiency]

These are the aromatic, branched, ketogenic, and sulfur-containing amino acids (cysteine is made from methionine; tyrosine is made from phenylalanine

Front 24

These are the branched amino acids

Back 24

Isoleucine, leucine, valine

Front 25

These are the branched-chain amino acids

Back 25

Isoleucine, leucine, valine (all essential, and comprising 1/3 of skeletal muscle)

Front 26

These are the sulfur-containing amino acids

Back 26

Cysteine, methionine

Front 27

These are the aromatic amino acids

Back 27

Phenylalanine (and therefore also tyrosine), histidine, and tryptophan (all essential)

Front 28

What form of amino acids (D vs L) are found in proteins?

Back 28

L-form amino acids

Front 29

These are the glucogenic amino acids, meaning that they can be converted into glucose via gluconeogenesis

Back 29

Methionine, valine, arginine, histidine [all essential]

Front 30

These amino acids are both ketogenic and glucogenic

Back 30

Isoleucine (branched); phenylalanine, tryptophan (aromatic); threonine [all essential]

Front 31

These are the ketogenic amino acids

Back 31

Leucine (branched) and lysine
[both essential]

Front 32

These are the acidic amino acids, negatively charged at body pH

Back 32

Aspartate, glutamate (ie, glutamic acid)

Front 33

These are the basic amino acids, positively charged at body pH

Back 33

Arginine (most basic), lysine, histidine (no charge at body pH)

Histones are made out of these AA's

Front 34

These amino acids are found in histones

Back 34

Arginine, lysine (both basic and positively charged, thus they bind DNA which is negatively charged; recall that histamine has no charge at physiologic pH)

Front 35

This is the most basic amino acid (strongest positive charge)

Back 35

Arginine